Hibernate学习之一对多关联

时间:2021-09-07 13:07:22

注意事项:

1.单向一对多
   只需在“一”放进行配置
2.双向一对多
   需要在关联双方都加以配置,而且需要在一的一方设置inverse=true

首先是实体类

TAddress.java(多的一方)

public class TAddress implements Serializable {
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1121137857691229229L;
    private Integer id;
    private String address;
    private String zipcode;
    private String tel;
    private String type;
    private TUser user;    //必须有
 
    ............
}

TUser.java(一的一方)

public class TUser implements Serializable {
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1224691192698621789L;
    private Integer id;
    private Integer age;
    private String name;
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    private Set address = new HashSet();    //多的一方放在集合中
  
             ....................
}

然后是各个实体类的配置文件

TAddress.hbm.xml

Hibernate学习之一对多关联
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 2.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >
<!-- 一对多 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.model.TAddress" table="t_address"
dynamic-update="false" dynamic-insert="false"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id" unsaved-value="0">
<generator class="native" />
</id> <property name="address" column="address" type="string" />
<property name="tel" column="tel" type="string" />
<property name="zipcode" column="zipcode" type="string" />
<property name="type" column="type" type="string" /> <!-- 必须有many-to-one 否则关联字段(user_id)为null -->
<many-to-one name="user"
class="com.model.TUser"
cascade="none"
outer-join="auto"
update="true"
insert="true"
access="property"
column="user_id"
not-null="true">
</many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Hibernate学习之一对多关联

TUser.hbm.xml

Hibernate学习之一对多关联
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 2.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >
<!-- 一对多 外键关联 -->
<!-- Select from TUser where id=1 Select from TUser where id=1 to Select
from TUser where id=1 or id=2 -->
<!-- batch-size 批量加载机制 可以自定义每次批量加载的数量 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.model.TUser" table="t_user" dynamic-update="true"
> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id" unsaved-value="0">
<generator class="native" />
</id> <property name="name" column="name" />
<property name="age" column="age" />
<set name="address" table="t_address" cascade="all" order-by="zipcode asc"
lazy="true" inverse="true">
<key column="user_id" /><!-- 确定关联的外键列 -->
<one-to-many class="com.model.TAddress" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Hibernate学习之一对多关联

其次是hibernate.cfg.xml

Hibernate学习之一对多关联
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 2.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-2.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- properties -->
<!-- 数据库URL -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/onetomany</property>
<!-- 数据库JDBC驱动 -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver</property>
<!-- 数据库用户名 -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<!-- 数据库密码 -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">hello</property>
<!-- 数据库方言 -->
<property name="dialect">net.sf.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 是否日志调试 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 是否使用数据库外连接 -->
<property name="use_outer_join">true</property>
<!-- 事务管理 使用JDBC Transaction(使用JTA会报错) -->
<property name="transaction.factory_class">
net.sf.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory
</property>
<!-- 指定hibernate每次提交的SQL数量 对批量操作的性能提升帮助很大!!!!!!!!!!!!! -->
<property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">25</property>
<!-- 映射文件配置,配置文件名必须包含其相对于根的全路径 -->
<mapping resource="com/model/TUser.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="com/model/TAddress.hbm.xml" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
Hibernate学习之一对多关联

测试代码(部分)

增加

public void testSave(){
        try {
            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();
             
//          TUser user=(TUser) session.load(TUser.class, 1);
             
            TUser user=new TUser();
            user.setName("zhangsan");
            user.setAge(20);
             
            TAddress address=new TAddress();
            address.setAddress("jingsan");
            address.setTel("1361380");
            address.setZipcode("45000");
            address.setType("java");
            address.setUser(user); //设置关联的TUser对象
            user.getAddress().add(address);
             
            session.save(user);   //级联更新
            tx.commit();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

查询

public void testLoad(){
    try {
        Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();
        String hql="from TUser where name='zhangsan'";
        List list=session.createQuery(hql).list();
        System.out.println("-------------1------------");
        Iterator iter=list.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext()){
            TUser user=(TUser) iter.next();
            System.out.println("--------------2------------");
            System.out.println("user.name="+user.getName());
            System.out.println("--------------3------------");
            System.out.println("user.address="+user.getAddress().size());
            System.out.println("--------------4------------");
        }
    } catch (HibernateException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
     
}

批量插入(可以提高性能)

实现机制:如果使用了批量加载机制,hibernate在进行数据查询操作前,会自动在当前session中寻找是否还存在
 其他同类型待加载的数据,如果有,则将其查询条件合并在当前的select语句中一并提交,这样,通过
 一次数据库操作即完成了多个读取任务。

//批量插入操作性能优化  通过配置<property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">25</property>
    public void testBatchInsert(){
        long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
        this.importUserList();
        long end=System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("批量插入花费时间是"+(end-start));
    }
    public void importUserList(){
        try {
            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();
            for(int i=0;i<10000;i++){
                TUser user=new TUser();
                user.setName("user"+i);
                session.save(user);
                if(i%25==0){    //以每25个数据作为一个处理单元
                    session.flush();
                    session.clear();
                }
            }
            tx.commit();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }