在Perl中，如何在不更改XML文件格式的情况下更改XML文件中的元素？

I have a XML file of the format:

我有一个格式的XML文件：

<outer1>
    <inner1>
        <name>Stonecold</name>
        <profession>warrior</profession>
        <org>wwf</org>
    </inner1>
    <inner1>
        <name>Shanebond</name>
        <profession>Bowler</profession>
        <org>newzealand</org>
    </inner1>
    <inner1>
        <name>brain schemidit</name>
        <profession>Chairman</profession>
        <org>Google</org>
    </inner1>
</outer1>

I want to change the value of Shanebond to Shane Bond.

我想将Shanebond的价值改为Shane Bond。

I was using XML::Simple, but the result was a hash.

我使用XML :: Simple，但结果是哈希。

I want the same format as the input file. E.g: the output file should be as follows:

我想要与输入文件相同的格式。例如：输出文件应如下所示：

<outer1>
    <inner1>
        <name>Stonecold</name>
        <profession>warrior</profession>
        <org>wwf</org>
    </inner1>
    <inner1>
        <name>Shane Bond</name>
        <profession>Bowler</profession>
        <org>newzealand</org>
    </inner1>
    <inner1>
        <name>brain schemidit</name>
        <profession>Chairman</profession>
        <org>Google</org>
    </inner1>
</outer1>

Please advice how to do this.

请告知如何做到这一点。

Thanks in advance.

提前致谢。

I want the output file to be saved in the same directory and if possible with the same name. is it possible?

我希望输出文件保存在同一目录中，如果可能的话，使用相同的名称。可能吗？

4 个解决方案

#1

XML::Simple has options that allow you to specify how input will be transformed into a Perl data structure and how that structure will be output:

XML :: Simple有一些选项，允许您指定如何将输入转换为Perl数据结构以及如何输出该结构：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

use XML::Simple;

my $xml_file = 'b.xml';

my $xml = XMLin(
    $xml_file,
    KeepRoot => 1,
    ForceArray => 1,
);

$xml->{outer1}->[0]->{inner1}->[1]->{name} = 'Shane Bond';

XMLout(
    $xml,
    KeepRoot => 1,
    NoAttr => 1,
    OutputFile => $xml_file,
);

XML::Simple does get a little hairy if you do anything interesting because its purpose is not to be a general purpose XML library but to provide a simple way to deal with configuration files written in XML.

如果你做任何有趣的事情，XML :: Simple确实有点毛茸茸，因为它的目的不是成为通用的XML库，而是提供一种简单的方法来处理用XML编写的配置文件。

CPAN has a plethora of XML related modules. Unless this was a one-off issue you had to deal with, it would be worth looking into some of the more capable and better suited modules.

CPAN有许多与XML相关的模块。除非这是一个你必须处理的一次性问题，否则值得研究一些功能更强大，更适合的模块。

#2

When it comes to reading or manipulating a XML file then XML::Twig is often the first tool I look to use.

在阅读或操作XML文件时，XML :: Twig通常是我希望使用的第一个工具。

At first I thought it maybe an overkill for your requirement but then I noticed it did come with a parsefile_inplace() option:

起初我认为它可能对你的要求有点过分，但后来我发现它确实附带了一个parsefile_inplace（）选项：

use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::Twig;

XML::Twig->new(
    pretty_print  => 'indented',
    twig_handlers => { 
        name => sub { 
            $_->set_text( 'Shane Bond' )->flush  if $_->text eq 'Shanebond' 
        },
    },
)->parsefile_inplace( 'data.xml', 'bak_*' );

NB. If you don't want to keep a backup file then remove the second arg ('bak_*').

NB。如果您不想保留备份文件，请删除第二个arg（'bak_ *'）。

#3

Why bother processing it as XML at all? Why not just do a regexp-replace?

为什么还要把它当作XML来处理呢？为什么不做一个regexp替换？

perl -pi -e 's/Shanebond/Shane Bond/' filename.xml

That will do the replacement in place, keeping the same filename and everything.

这将替换到位，保持相同的文件名和一切。

#4

Have you tried XMLout with OutputFile

你有没有尝试使用OutputFile的XMLout

From the documentation for XML::Simple:

从XML :: Simple的文档：

The default behaviour of XMLout() is to return the XML as a string. If you wish to write the XML to a file, simply supply the filename using the 'OutputFile' option.
This option also accepts an IO handle object - especially useful in Perl 5.8.0 and later for output using an encoding other than UTF-8, eg:

XMLout（）的默认行为是将XML作为字符串返回。如果您希望将XML写入文件，只需使用“OutputFile”选项提供文件名。此选项还接受IO句柄对象 - 在Perl 5.8.0及更高版本中使用UTF-8以外的编码进行输出时尤其有用，例如：

open my $fh, '>:encoding(iso-8859-1)', $path or die "open($path): $!";
XMLout($ref, OutputFile => $fh);

#1