如何安装脚本以从命令行运行?

If I have a basic Python script, with it's hashbang and what-not in place, so that from the terminal on Linux I can run

如果我有一个基本的Python脚本，它是hashbang和什么的——不合适，这样我就可以从Linux上的终端运行了

/path/to/file/MyScript [args]

without executing through the interpreter or any file extensions, and it will execute the program.

不通过解释器或任何文件扩展名执行，它将执行程序。

So would I install this script so that I can type simply

所以我要安装这个脚本以便我可以简单地输入

MyScript [args]

anywhere in the system and it will run? Can this be implemented for all users on the system, or must it be redone for each one? Do I simply place the script in a specific directory, or are other things necessary?

系统中的任何地方，它都会运行吗?可以为系统上的所有用户实现这一点吗?还是必须为每个用户重做?我只是将脚本放在一个特定的目录中，还是需要其他的东西?

8 个解决方案

#1

The best place to put things like this is /usr/local/bin.

放置这样东西的最佳位置是/usr/ local/bin。

This is the normal place to put custom installed binaries, and should be early in your PATH.

这是放置自定义二进制文件的正常位置，并且应该在您的路径的早期。

Simply copy the script there (probably using sudo), and it should work for any user.

只需在那里复制脚本(可能使用sudo)，它应该适用于任何用户。

#2

Walkthrough of making a python script available anywhere:

Make a python script:

python脚本:

cd /home/el/bin
touch stuff.py
chmod +x stuff.py

Find out where your python is:

找出你的蟒蛇在哪里:

which python
/usr/bin/python

Put this code in there:

把这个代码放在那里:

#!/usr/bin/python
print "hi"

Run in it the same directory:

在同一目录下运行:

python stuff.py

Go up a directory and it's not available:

上一个目录，它是不可用的:

cd ..
stuff.py

-bash: stuff.py: command not found

Not found! It's as we expect, add the file path of the python file to the $PATH

未找到!正如我们所期望的那样，将python文件的文件路径添加到$ path中。

vi ~/.bashrc

Add the file:

添加文件:

export PATH=$PATH:/home/el/bin

Save it out, re apply the .bashrc, and retry

保存它，重新应用。bashrc，并重试

source ~/.bashrc

Try again:

再试一次。

cd /home/el
stuff.py

Prints:

打印:

hi

The trick is that the bash shell knows the language of the file via the shebang.

诀窍在于，bash shell通过shebang知道文件的语言。

#3

Just create ~/bin and put export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin in your bashrc/profile. Don't mess with the system, it will bite you back, trust me.

只需在bashrc/profile中创建~/bin并将export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin。别搞砸了，你会吃苦头的，相信我。

Few more things (relevant to the question but not part of the answer):

没有更多的事情(与问题相关但不是答案的一部分):

1. The other way export PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH is NOT safe, for bash will will look into your ~/bin folder for executables, and if their name matches with other executables in your original $PATH you will be surprised by unexpected/non working command execution.
2. 另一种方法是export PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH不安全，因为bash将查看您的~/bin文件夹中的可执行文件，如果它们的名称与您最初的$PATH中的其他可执行文件相匹配，您将会对意外/非工作命令执行感到意外。
3. Don't forget to chmod+x when you save your script in ~/bin.
4. 在~/bin中保存脚本时，不要忘记chmod+x。
5. Be aware of what you are putting in your ~/bin folder, if you are just testing something or working on unfinished script, its always better to use ./$SCRIPT_NAME from your CWD to execute the script than putting it under ~/bin.
6. 请注意您在~/bin文件夹中放置的内容，如果您只是在测试某些内容或正在处理未完成的脚本，那么最好使用CWD中的/$SCRIPT_NAME来执行脚本，而不是将其放在~/bin下。

#4

The quick answer is to symlink your script to any directory included in your system $PATH.

快速的答案是将脚本符号链接到系统$PATH中包含的任何目录。

The long answer is described below with a walk through example, (this is what I normally do):

下面用一个例子来描述长答案(这是我通常做的):

a) Create the script e.g. $HOME/Desktop/myscript.py:

创建脚本，例如$HOME/Desktop/myscript.py:

#!/usr/bin/python
print("Hello Pythonista!")

b) Change the permission of the script file to make it executable:

b)修改脚本文件的权限，使其可执行:

$ chmod +x myscript.py

chmod + x myscript.py美元

c) Add a customized directory to the $PATH (see why in the notes below) to use it for the user's scripts:

c)将自定义目录添加到$PATH中(参见下面的说明)，以便将其用于用户的脚本:

$ export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/bin"

美元出口路径= " $路径:$ HOME / bin”

d) Create a symbolic link to the script as follows:

d)创建到脚本的符号链接如下:

$ ln -s $HOME/Desktop/myscript.py $HOME/bin/hello

ln - s $ HOME /桌面/ myscript美元。py $ HOME / bin /你好

Notice that hello (can be anything) is the name of the command that you will use to invoke your script.

请注意，hello(可以是任何东西)是用于调用脚本的命令的名称。

Note:

注意:

i) The reason to use $HOME/bin instead of the /usr/local/bin is to separate the local scripts from those of other users (if you wish to) and other installed stuff.

i)使用$HOME/bin而不是/usr/local/bin的原因是要将本地脚本与其他用户(如果您愿意)和其他已安装的内容分开。

ii) To create a symlink you should use the complete correct path, i.e.

要创建一个符号链接，您应该使用完整的正确路径，即。

$HOME/bin GOOD ~/bin NO GOOD!

$HOME/bin GOOD ~/bin NO GOOD!

Here is a complete example:

这里有一个完整的例子:

 $ pwd
 ~/Desktop
 $ cat > myscript.py << EOF
 > #!/usr/bin/python
 > print("Hello Pythonista!")
 > EOF
 $ export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/bin"
 $ ln -s $HOME/Desktop/myscript.py $HOME/bin/hello
 $ chmod +x myscript.py
 $ hello
Hello Pythonista!

#5

Type echo $PATH in a shell. Those are the directories searched when you type command, so put it in one of those.

在shell中输入echo $PATH。这些是你输入命令时搜索的目录，所以把它放在其中之一。

Edit: Apparently don't use /usr/bin, use /usr/local/bin

编辑:显然不要使用/usr/bin，使用/usr/local/bin

#6

Putting the script somewhere in the PATH (like /usr/local/bin) is a good solution, but this forces all the users of your system to use/see your script.

将脚本放在路径中的某个位置(比如/usr/local/bin)是一个很好的解决方案，但这将迫使系统的所有用户使用/查看您的脚本。

Adding an alias in /etc/profile could be a way to do what you want allowing the users of your system to undo this using the unalias command. The line to be added would be:

在/etc/profile中添加别名可以实现您想要的操作，允许系统用户使用unalias命令撤消此操作。将增加的一行是:

alias MyScript=/path/to/file/MyScript

#7

Just create symbolic link to your script in /usr/local/bin/:

只需在/usr/local/bin/中为脚本创建符号链接:

sudo ln -s /path/to/your/script.py /usr/local/bin/script

#8

Acording to FHS, the /usr/local/bin/ is the good place for custom scripts. I prefer to make them 755 root:root, after copying them there.

与FHS相适应，/usr/local/bin/是定制脚本的好地方。我更喜欢把它们复制到755 root:root。