在Mac上有像“watch”或“inotifywait”这样的命令吗?

I want to watch a folder on my Mac (Snow Leopard) and then execute a script (giving it the filename of what was just moved into a folder (as a parameter... x.sh "filename")).

我想在Mac(雪豹)上查看一个文件夹，然后执行一个脚本(给它一个刚刚移动到文件夹的文件名(作为参数……)x。上海“文件名”))。

I have a script all written up in bash (x.sh) that will move some files and other stuff on input $1 I just need OSX to give me the file name when new files/folders are moved/created into a dir.

我有一个在bash (x.sh)中编写的脚本，它将在input $1中移动一些文件和其他东西。

Any such command?

任何这样的命令呢?

12 个解决方案

#1

fswatch

fswatch is a small program using the Mac OS X FSEvents API to monitor a directory. When an event about any change to that directory is received, the specified shell command is executed by /bin/bash

fswatch是一个使用Mac OS X FSEvents API监控目录的小程序。当收到关于该目录的任何更改的事件时，指定的shell命令由/bin/bash执行

If you're on GNU/Linux, inotifywatch (part of the inotify-tools package on most distributions) provides similar functionality.

如果您使用GNU/Linux, inotifywatch(大多数发行版的inotify-tools包的一部分)提供了类似的功能。

Update: fswatch can now be used across many platforms including BSD, Debian, and Windows.

更新:fswatch现在可以在许多平台上使用，包括BSD、Debian和Windows。

Syntax / A Simple Example

The new way that can watch multiple paths - for versions 1.x and higher:

可以监视多个路径的新方法——用于版本1。x和更高:

fswatch -o ~/path/to/watch | xargs -n1 ~/script/to/run/when/files/change.sh

The older way for versions 0.x:

老版本0.x:

fswatch ~/path/to/watch ~/script/to/run/when/files/change.sh

Installation with Homebrew

As of 9/12/13 it was added back in to homebrew - yay! So, update your formula list (brew update) and then all you need to do is:

在9/12/13的时候，它被添加到homebrew - yay!所以，更新你的公式列表(brew update)，然后你需要做的就是:

brew install fswatch

Installation without Homebrew

Type these commands in Terminal.app

在终端中输入这些命令。

cd /tmp
git clone https://github.com/alandipert/fswatch
cd fswatch/
make
cp fswatch /usr/local/bin/fswatch

If you don't have a c compiler on your system you may need to install Xcode or Xcode command line tools - both free. However, if that is the case, you should probably just check out homebrew.

如果您的系统上没有c编译器，您可能需要安装Xcode或Xcode命令行工具——都是免费的。然而，如果是这样的话，你应该去看看自制啤酒。

Additional Options for fswatch version 1.x

Usage:
fswatch [OPTION] ... path ...

Options:
 -0, --print0          Use the ASCII NUL character (0) as line separator.
 -1, --one-event       Exit fsw after the first set of events is received.
 -e, --exclude=REGEX   Exclude paths matching REGEX.
 -E, --extended        Use exended regular expressions.
 -f, --format-time     Print the event time using the specified format.
 -h, --help            Show this message.
 -i, --insensitive     Use case insensitive regular expressions.
 -k, --kqueue          Use the kqueue monitor.
 -l, --latency=DOUBLE  Set the latency.
 -L, --follow-links    Follow symbolic links.
 -n, --numeric         Print a numeric event mask.
 -o, --one-per-batch   Print a single message with the number of change events.
                       in the current batch.
 -p, --poll            Use the poll monitor.
 -r, --recursive       Recurse subdirectories.
 -t, --timestamp       Print the event timestamp.
 -u, --utc-time        Print the event time as UTC time.
 -v, --verbose         Print verbose output.
 -x, --event-flags     Print the event flags.

See the man page for more information.

#2

You can use launchd for that purpose. Launchd can be configured to automatically launch a program when a file path is modified.

您可以为此目的使用launchd。Launchd可以配置为在修改文件路径时自动启动程序。

For example the following launchd config plist will launch the program /usr/bin/logger when the desktop folder of my user account is modified:

例如，当我的用户帐户的桌面文件夹被修改时，下面的launchd config plist将启动程序/usr/bin/logger:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>logger</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/usr/bin/logger</string>
        <string>path modified</string>
    </array>
    <key>WatchPaths</key>
    <array>
        <string>/Users/sakra/Desktop/</string>
    </array>
</dict>
</plist>

To activate the config plist save it to the LaunchAgents folder in your Library folder as "logger.plist".

要激活配置plist，请将其保存到库文件夹中的LaunchAgents文件夹中，并将其保存为“logger.plist”。

From the shell you can then use the command launchctl to activate the logger.plist by running:

然后，您可以从shell中使用命令launchctl来激活日志记录器。plist通过运行:

$ launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/logger.plist

The desktop folder is now being monitored. Every time it is changed you should see an output in the system.log (use Console.app). To deactivate the logger.plist, run:

桌面文件夹现在正在被监视。每次更改时，您应该在系统中看到一个输出。日志(用Console.app)。禁用日志记录器。plist,运行:

$ launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/logger.plist

The configuration file above uses the WatchPaths option. Alternatively you can also use the QueueDirectories option. See the launchd man page for more information.

上面的配置文件使用watchpath选项。或者，您也可以使用queuedirectory选项。有关更多信息，请参见launchd手册页面。

#3

You might want to take a look at (and maybe expand) my little tool kqwait. Currently it just sits around and waits for a write event on a single file, but the kqueue architecture allows for hierarchical event stacking...

您可能想看看(或者扩展)我的小工具kqwait。目前它只是在一个文件上等待一个写事件，但是kqueue架构允许分层事件堆叠……

#4

Facebook's watchman, available via Homebrew, also looks nice. It supports also filtering:

Facebook的watchman也可以通过Homebrew应用，看起来也不错。它还支持过滤:

These two lines establish a watch on a source directory and then set up a trigger named "buildme" that will run a tool named "minify-css" whenever a CSS file is changed. The tool will be passed a list of the changed filenames.

这两行在源目录上建立一个监视，然后设置一个名为“buildme”的触发器，每当CSS文件发生更改时，该触发器将运行一个名为“minify-css”的工具。该工具将被传递一个更改文件名的列表。

$ watchman watch ~/src

美元守望看~ / src

$ watchman -- trigger ~/src buildme '*.css' -- minify-css

$ watchman -触发器~/src build dme '*。css——minify-css

Notice that the path must be absolute.

注意路径必须是绝对的。

#5

watchdog is a cross-platform python API for watching files / directories, and it has builtin "tricks" tool that allows you to trigger actions (including shell commands) when events occur (including new added file, removed file and changed file).

watchdog是一个用于监视文件/目录的跨平台python API，具有内置的“技巧”工具，允许在发生事件(包括新添加的文件、删除的文件和更改的文件)时触发操作(包括shell命令)。

#6

This is just to mention entr as an alternative on OSX to run arbitrary commands when files change. I find it simple and useful.

这仅仅是在OSX上作为替代，在文件更改时运行任意命令。我发现它既简单又有用。

#7

Apple OSX Folder Actions allow you to automate tasks based on actions taken on a folder.

Apple OSX文件夹操作允许您根据文件夹上的操作自动执行任务。

#8

Edit: fsw has been merged into fswatch. In this answer, any reference to fsw should now read fswatch.

编辑:fsw已合并为fswatch。在这个答案中，对fsw的任何引用现在都应该读fswatch。

I wrote an fswatch replacement in C++ called fsw which features several improvements:

我在c++中写了一个fswatch的替代品，叫做fsw，它有几个改进:

• It's a GNU Build System project which builds on any supported platform (OS X v. >= 10.6) with

  它是一个GNU构建系统项目，构建在任何支持的平台上(OS X v. >= 10.6)

  ./configure && make && sudo make install
  

• Multiple paths can be passed as different arguments:

  多个路径可以作为不同的参数传递:

  fsw file-0 ... file-n 
  

• It dumps a detailed record with all the event information such as:

  它转储包含所有事件信息的详细记录，如:

  Sat Feb 15 00:53:45 2014 - /path/to/file:inodeMetaMod modified isFile 
  

• Its output is easy to parse so that fsw output can be piped to another process.

  它的输出易于解析，因此fsw输出可以通过管道传输到另一个进程。

• Latency can be customised with -l, --latency.
• 延迟可以定制为-l，即延迟。
• Numeric event flags can be written instead of textual ones with -n, --numeric.
• 数字事件标志可以用-n表示，而不是文本。
• The time format can be customised using strftime format strings with -t, --time-format.
• 时间格式可以使用strftime格式字符串使用-t， -时间格式来定制。
• The time can be the local time of the machine (by default) or UTC time with -u, --utc-time.
• 时间可以是机器的本地时间(默认情况下)或带有-u、- UTC时间的UTC时间。

Getting fsw:

焊:

fsw is hosted on GitHub and can be obtained cloning its repository:

fsw托管在GitHub上，可以获得其库的克隆:

    git clone https://github.com/emcrisostomo/fsw

Installing fsw:

安装的焊:

fsw can be installed using the following commands:

可以使用以下命令安装fsw:

    ./configure && make && sudo make install

Further information:

进一步的信息:

I also wrote an introductory blog post where you can find a couple of examples about how fsw works.

我还写了一篇介绍性的博客文章，在这里你可以找到一些关于fsw如何工作的例子。

#9

My fork of fswatch provides the functionality of inotifywait -m with slightly less (no wait, more! I have a lot more troubles on Linux with inotifywait...) parse-friendly output.

我的fswatch的fork提供了inotifywait -m的功能，其功能稍微少了一点(没有等待，更多了!)我在Linux上遇到了更多的麻烦，比如inotifywait…)

It is an improvement upon the original fswatch because it sends out the actual path of the changed file over STDOUT rather than requiring you to provide a program that it forks.

这是对原始fswatch的改进，因为它将修改后的文件的实际路径发送到STDOUT上，而不是要求您提供一个它派生的程序。

It's been rock solid as the foundation of a series of scary bash scripts I use to automate stuff.

它是我用来实现自动化的一系列可怕的bash脚本的基础。

(this is off-topic) inotifywait on Linux, on the other hand, requires a lot of kludges on top of it and I still haven't figured out a good way to manage it, though I think something based on node.js might be the ticket.

另一方面，Linux上的inotifywait需要大量的硬件，而且我还没有想出一个好的方法来管理它，尽管我认为这是基于node的。可能是js。

#10

Here's a one-liner using sschober's tool.

这是使用sschober工具的一行代码。

$ while true; do kqwait doc/my_file.md; make; done

#11

I have a GIST for this and the usage is pretty simple

我对此有个大致的了解，使用起来也很简单

watchfiles <cmd> <paths...>

To illustrate, the following command will echo Hello World every time that file1 OR file2 change; and the default interval check is 1 second

举例来说，以下命令将在文件1或文件2每次更改时回显Hello World;默认的间隔检查是1秒

watchfiles 'echo Hello World' /path/to/file1 /path/to/file2 

If I want to check every 5 seconds I can use the -t flag

如果我想每5秒检查一次，我可以使用-t标志

watchfiles -t 'echo Hello World' /path/to/file1 /path/to/file2 

• -v enables the verbose mode which shows debug information
• -v允许显示调试信息的详细模式
• -q makes watchfiles execute quietly (# will be shown so the user can see the program is executing)
• -q使watchfiles安静地执行(#将显示，以便用户看到程序正在执行)
• -qq makes watchfiles execute completely quietly
• -qq让watchfiles完全安静地执行
• -h shows the help and usage
• -h表示帮助和用法

https://gist.github.com/thiagoh/5d8f53bfb64985b94e5bc8b3844dba55

https://gist.github.com/thiagoh/5d8f53bfb64985b94e5bc8b3844dba55

#12

Here's a simple single line alternative for users who don't have the watch command who want to execute a command every 3 seconds:

以下是一个简单的单行选项，供没有watch命令的用户使用，他们希望每3秒执行一次命令:

while :; do your-command; sleep 3; done

而:;做您的命令;睡眠3;完成

It's an infinite loop that is basically the same as doing the following:

它是一个无限大的循环，基本上和下面做的一样:

watch -n3 your-command

看n3命令