Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

时间:2025-01-18 22:04:02

数据库操作

查看全部的数据库

hive> show databases ;

使用数据库default

hive> use default;

查看数据库信息

hive > describe database default;

OK

db_name comment location owner_name owner_type parameters

default Default Hive database hdfs://hadoop1:8020/user/hive/warehouse public ROLE

Time taken: 0.042 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

显示地展示当前使用的数据库

hive> set hive.cli.print.current.db=true;

hive(default)>

Hive显示列头

hive (default)> set hive.cli.print.header=true;

hive (default)> desc addressall_2015_07_09;

OK

col_name data_type comment

_c0 string

addr1 bigint

addr2 bigint

addr3 bigint

Time taken: 0.182 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)

hive (default)> select * from addressall_2015_07_09;

OK

addressall_2015_07_09._c0 addressall_2015_07_09.addr1 addressall_2015_07_09.addr2 addressall_2015_07_09.addr3

2015_07_09 536 488 493

Time taken: 10.641 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

创建数据库命令

hive (default)> create database liguodong;

OK

Time taken: 10.128 seconds

切换当前的数据库

hive (default)> use liguodong;

OK

Time taken: 0.031 seconds

hive (liguodong)>

删除数据库

删除数据库的时候,不同意删除有数据的数据库,假设数据库里面有数据则会报错。

假设要忽略这些内容,则在后面添加CASCADE关键字,则忽略报错,删除数据库。

hive> DROP DATABASE DbName CASCADE(可选);

hive> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS DbName CASCADE;

表操作

查看当前DB有啥表

hive> SHOW TABLES IN DbName;

hive (liguodong)> SHOW TABLES IN liguodong;

OK

tab_name

Time taken: 0.165 seconds

也能够使用正則表達式 hive> SHOW TABLES LIKE 'h*';

hive (default)> SHOW TABLES LIKE '*all*' ;
OK
tab_name
addressall_2015_07_09
Time taken: 0.039 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

获得表的建表语句

hive (default)> show create table address1_2015_07_09;
OK
createtab_stmt
CREATE TABLE `address1_2015_07_09`(
`addr1` bigint)
ROW FORMAT SERDE
'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
'org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION
'hdfs://nameservice1/user/hive/warehouse/address1_2015_07_09'
TBLPROPERTIES (
'COLUMN_STATS_ACCURATE'='true',
'numFiles'='1',
'numRows'='0',
'rawDataSize'='0',
'totalSize'='4',
'transient_lastDdlTime'='1436408451')
Time taken: 0.11 seconds, Fetched: 17 row(s)

创建表

CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name    -- (Note: TEMPORARY available in Hive 0.14.0 and later)
[(col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
[COMMENT table_comment]
[PARTITIONED BY (col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
[CLUSTERED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) [SORTED BY (col_name [ASC|DESC], ...)] INTO num_buckets BUCKETS]
[SKEWED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.10.0 and later)]
ON ((col_value, col_value, ...), (col_value, col_value, ...), ...)
[STORED AS DIRECTORIES]
[
[ROW FORMAT row_format]
[STORED AS file_format]
| STORED BY 'storage.handler.class.name' [WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (...)] -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
]
[LOCATION hdfs_path]
[TBLPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...)] -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
[AS select_statement]; -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.5.0 and later; not supported for external tables)

hive (default)> create table test(id int);

OK

Time taken: 10.143 seconds

获得表的建表语句

hive (default)> show create table test;
OK
createtab_stmt
CREATE TABLE `test`(
`id` int)
ROW FORMAT SERDE
'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
'org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION
'hdfs://nameservice1/user/hive/warehouse/test'
TBLPROPERTIES (
'transient_lastDdlTime'='1436799093')
Time taken: 0.135 seconds, Fetched: 12 row(s)

创建内部表

Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

其它获得表的信息

Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

创建外部表

hive (default)> create external table testexttable(
> name string comment 'name value',
> addr string comment 'addr value'
> );
OK
Time taken: 10.172 seconds

Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

create table if not exists testtable(
name string comment 'name value',
addr string comment 'addr value'
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' lines terminated by '\n' stored as textfile
;

Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

载入数据

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘/liguodong/hivedata/datatest’ overwrite into table testtable;

Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘/liguodong/hivedata/datatest’ into table testtable;

假设没有使用overwrite,则会再拷贝一份数据,不会覆盖原来的数据。

Hive命令行经常使用操作(数据库操作,表操作)

hive (default)> create external table if not exists employees(
> name string,
> salary string,
> subordinates array<string>,
> deductions map<string,float>,
> address struct<street:string,city:string,state:string,zip:int>
> )
> row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
> collection items terminated by ','
> map keys terminated by ':'
> lines terminated by '\n'
> stored as textfile
> location '/liguodong/data/'
> ;

查找表数据

hive> select * from employees;
OK
tony 1338 ["a1","a2","a3"] {"k1":1.0,"k2":2.0,"k3":3.0} {"street":"s1","city":"s2","state":"s3","zip":4}
mark 5453 ["a4","a5","a6"] {"k4":4.0,"k5":5.0,"k6":6.0} {"street":"s4","city":"s5","state":"s6","zip":6}
ivy 323 ["a7","a8","a9"] {"k7":7.0,"k8":8.0,"k9":9.0} {"street":"s7","city":"s8","state":"s9","zip":9}
Time taken: 10.204 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s) 查树组
hive> select subordinates[1] from employees;
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 2 seconds 740 msec
OK
a2
a5
a8
查map
hive> select deductions["k2"] from employees; OK
2.0
NULL
NULL
Time taken: 75.812 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s) 查结构体
hive> select address.city from employees;
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 2 seconds 200 msec
OK
s2
s5
s8
Time taken: 75.311 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

注意:select * 不运行mapreduce,仅仅进行一个本地的查询。

select 某个字段 生成一个job,运行mapreduce。

select * from employees;
select * from employees limit 10;

删除表

内部表删除。会连同hdfs存储的数据一同删除。而外部表删除,仅仅会删除外部表的元数据信息。

hive (default)> drop table testtable;
OK
Time taken: 10.283 seconds
hive (default)> drop table testexttable;
OK
Time taken: 0.258 seconds

Hive建表的其它方式

有一个表,创建还有一个表

(仅仅是复制了表结构,并不会复制内容。)

create table test3 like test2;

不须要运行mapreduce

hive> desc testtable;
OK
name string name value
addr string addr value
Time taken: 0.267 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> create table testtableNew like testtable;
OK
Time taken: 10.323 seconds
hive> desc testtableNew;
OK
name string name value
addr string addr value
Time taken: 0.135 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

从其它表查询,再创建表

(复制表结构的同一时候,把内容也复制过来了)

create table test2 as select name,addr from test1;

须要运行mapreduce

hive> create table testNewtable as select name,addr from testtable;
hive> desc testNewtable;
OK
name string
addr string
Time taken: 0.122 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> select * from testNewtable;
OK
liguodong cd
aobama lsj
Time taken: 10.226 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)

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