Author： eilian
Blog： http://blog.csdn.net/eilianlau
Copyright：Original
Date： 2011、12、14
1、Hosting environment：VMare ubuntu10.04
2、Cross-compiling environment：arm-2009q3.tar.bz2
3、Development board：QT6410
4、nanflash：K9F2G08(256M)
5、linux -version：Linux-2.6.39
6、uboot-version：u-boot-2010.06
-------cramfs文件系统之安装内核模块,在QT6410移植linux-2.6.39 笔记(二)-添加NANDFLASH分区 的基础上重新配置内核并编译
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make menuconfig
加入文件系统的支持
│ │ File systems --->
│ │ [*] Miscellaneous filesystems --->
│ │ <*> Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs) #支持cramfs
<*> yaffs2 file system support #支持yaffs2
│ │ -*- 512 byte / page devices
配置好后保存退出
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make uImage
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make modules_install ARCH=INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/home/eilian/development/rootfs
至此文件系统已完善,再接下来就是要将roots压缩成cramfs
-------- 编译cramfs制作工具
从http://sourceforge.net/projects/cramfs/下载cramfs-1.1.tar.gz。然后执行
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Tools#tar zxvf cramfs-1.1.tar.gz
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Tools/cramfs-1.1#make
编译完成之后，会生成mkcramfs和cramfsck两个可执行文件，其中mkcramfs工具是用来创建cramfs文件系统的，而cramfsck工具则用来进行cramfs文件系统的释放以及检查。将这两个文件拷贝到/usr/local/bin目录下,方便使用.
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Tools/cramfs-1.1#cpmkcramfs/usr/local/bin
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Tools/cramfs-1.1#cpcramfsck/usr/local/bin
---------mkcramfs的命令格式
mkcramfs [-h] [-e edition] [-i file] [-n name] dirname outfile
mkcramfs的各个参数解释如下：
-h： 显示帮助信息
-e edition：设置生成的文件系统中的版本号
-i file： 将一个文件映像插入这个文件系统之中(只能在Linux2.4.0以后的内核版本中使用)
-n name： 设定cramfs文件系统的名字
dirname： 指明需要被压缩的整个目录树
outfile： 最终输出的文件
cramfsck的命令格式：
cramfsck [-hv] [-x dir] file
cramfsck的各个参数解释如下：
-h： 显示帮助信息
-x dir： 释放文件到dir所指出的目录中
-v： 输出信息更加详细
file： 希望测试的目标文件
--------压缩rootfs根文件系统生成 cramfs
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development#mkcramfs ./rootfs ./cramfs
---------通过SD卡一键烧写将cramfs烧写到NANDFLASH中
当前,NandFlash分区情况如下:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "Bootloader"
0x000000100000-0x000000600000 : "Kernel"
0x000000600000-0x000007e00000 : "User"
0x000007e00000-0x000010000000 : "File System"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
值得注意的事：修改uboot中启动参数
setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=cramfs console=ttySAC0,115200'
注意:启动参数里没有写上init=/linuxrc,所以启动默认是按照busybox的配置文件来进行的.
另一个要注意的就是：如果没SD卡怎么办?怎么一键烧写,身边有个朋友说,没SD卡那还烧个毛。。。。。。。
好了这样做,同理打开超级终端(uboot已烧入nand的第一分区)
U-Boot 2010.06 (Dec 12 2011 - 18:39:28) for QT6410
**********************************************
** u-boot-2010.06
** Updated for QT6410 Board
** Version 1.0 (11-12-15)
** Author: eilian
** blog: http://blog.csdn.net/eilianlau
** E-mail: 305075262@qq.com
**********************************************
CPU: S3C6410@667MHz
Fclk = 667MHz, Hclk = 133MHz, Pclk = 66MHz (ASYNC Mode)
Board: QT6410
DRAM: 128 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
QT6410#
将上面制作好的cramfs通过tftp服务下载到DDR(放心这个cramfs只有9M,DDR有128M呢),再把cramfs从内存中写入nandflash,操作如下
QT6410# tftp 50000000 cramfs
写nand前需要先擦除nand,我们需要将cramfs写到nandflash的0x000000600000-0x000007e00000处
QT6410#nand erase 0x0000006000000x000007e00000
QT6410#nand write 500000000x000000600000 12000000
将DDR中50000000处的cramfs 写入nandflash,写到那个地方？0x000000600000开始处
-----------------最后贴出系统启动信息如下
U-Boot 2010.06 (Dec 13 2011 - 09:50:08) for QT6410
********************************************
** u-boot-2010.06 **
** Updated for QT6410 Board **
** Version 1.0 (11-12-15) **
** Author: eilian **
** blog: http://blog.csdn.net/eilianlau**
** E-mail: 305075262@qq.com **
********************************************
CPU: S3C6410@667MHz
Fclk = 667MHz, Hclk = 133MHz, Pclk = 66MHz (ASYNC Mode)
Board: QT6410
DRAM: 128 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x500000
5242880 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 50018000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.39
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1313224 Bytes = 1.3 MiB
Load Address: 50008000
Entry Point: 50008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.39 (root@bootloader) (gcc version 4.4.1 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q3-67) ) #1 Tue Dec 13 01:08:35 CST 2011
CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb766] revision 6 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387f
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
Machine: QT6410 development board
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C6410 (id 0x36410101)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
camera: no parent clock specified
S3C64XX: PLL settings, A=667000000, M=533000000, E=24000000
S3C64XX: HCLK2=266500000, HCLK=133250000, PCLK=66625000
mout_apll: source is fout_apll (1), rate is 667000000
mout_epll: source is epll (1), rate is 24000000
mout_mpll: source is mpll (1), rate is 533000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
usb-bus-host: source is clk_48m (0), rate is 48000000
uclk1: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
irda-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
camera: no parent clock specified
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32512
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=cramfs console=ttySAC0,115200
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 128MB = 128MB total
Memory: 127092k/127092k available, 3980k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
DMA : 0xff600000 - 0xffe00000 ( 8 MB)
vmalloc : 0xc8800000 - 0xf6000000 ( 728 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc8000000 ( 128 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)
.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0022000 ( 104 kB)
.text : 0xc0022000 - 0xc0264568 (2314 kB)
.data : 0xc0266000 - 0xc02892c0 ( 141 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS:246
VIC @f6000000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
VIC @f6010000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 666.41 BogoMIPS (lpj=3332096)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
s3c64xx_dma_init: Registering DMA channels
PL080: IRQ 73, at c8808000, channels 0..8
PL080: IRQ 74, at c880c000, channels 8..16
S3C6410: Initialising architecture
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: bus frequency set to 65 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
start plist test
end plist test
s3c-fb s3c-fb: window 0: fb
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
s3c6400-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x7f005000 (irq = 16) is a S3C6400/10
s3c6400-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x7f005400 (irq = 20) is a S3C6400/10
s3c6400-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x7f005800 (irq = 24) is a S3C6400/10
s3c6400-uart.3: ttySAC3 at MMIO 0x7f005c00 (irq = 28) is a S3C6400/10
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
S3C NAND Driver, (c) 2008 Samsung Electronics
S3C NAND Driver is using hardware ECC.
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "Bootloader"
0x000000100000-0x000000600000 : "Kernel"
0x000000600000-0x000007e00000 : "User"
0x000007e00000-0x000010000000 : "File System"
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 79, io mem 0x74300000
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: init err (00000000 0000)
ohci_hcd: can't start s3c24xx
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: startup error -75
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: USB bus 1 deregistered
s3c2410-ohci: probe of s3c2410-ohci failed with error -75
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c-rtc s3c64xx-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling
s3c-rtc s3c64xx-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
s3c-sdhci s3c-sdhci.0: clock source 0: hsmmc (133250000 Hz)
s3c-sdhci s3c-sdhci.0: clock source 1: hsmmc (133250000 Hz)
s3c-sdhci s3c-sdhci.0: clock source 2: mmc_bus (24000000 Hz)
mmc0: SDHCI controller on samsung-hsmmc [s3c-sdhci.0] using ADMA
s3c-sdhci s3c-sdhci.1: clock source 0: hsmmc (133250000 Hz)
s3c-sdhci s3c-sdhci.1: clock source 1: hsmmc (133250000 Hz)
s3c-sdhci s3c-sdhci.1: clock source 2: mmc_bus (24000000 Hz)
mmc0: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 400000 Hz
mmc1: SDHCI controller on samsung-hsmmc [s3c-sdhci.1] using ADMA
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 20 variant b rev 5
s3c-rtc s3c64xx-rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (946684800)
mmc0: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 300000 Hz
VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 104K
mmc0: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 200000 Hz
mmc0: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 100000 Hz
mmc1: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 400000 Hz
mmc1: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 300000 Hz
mmc1: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 200000 Hz
mmc1: mmc_rescan_try_freq: trying to init card at 100000 Hz
**************munt all************************
***********************************************
**********booting for QT6410 *************
Kernel version:linux-2.6.39
Author:eilian
Date:2011.12.14
***********************************************
Please press Enter to activate this console.
Processing /etc/profile...
Set search library path in /etc/profile
Set user path in /etc/profile
-/bin/sh: PAT: not found
root@bootloader#ls
bin etc linuxrc proc sys usr
dev lib mnt sbin tmp var
root@bootloader#