ajax发送异步请求

时间:2024-12-15 15:33:26

一:得到XMLHttpRequest对象

  ajax其实只需要学习XMLHttpRequest一个对象

  大多数浏览器都支持:  

var xmlHttp = new XMLHttprequest();

  IE 6.0:

var mltHttp = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");

  IE 5.5 及更早的IE

var xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");

  * 编写创建XMLHttpRequest对象函数  

function createXMLHttpRequest(){
try{
return new XMLHttpRequest();
}catch(e){
try{
return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
}catch(e){
try{
return new ActiveXObject(Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
}catch(e){
throw e;
}
}
}
}

二:打开与服务器的链接

  xmlHttp.open()用来打开与服务器的链接

  参数:请求方式,请求URL,请求是否为异步

xmlHttp.oprn("GET","/AServlet",true);

三:发送请求 

xmlHttp.send(null);//如果不写null可能导致部分浏览器无法使用

GET请求必须写null

四:

  要在xmlHttp对象的一个事件上注册监听器:onreadystatechange

  得到xmlHttp对象的状态:

var state = xmlHttp.readyState;//可能是0、1、2、3、4

  得到服务器响应的状态码

var status = xmlHttp.status;//例如200、404、500

  得到服务器响应的内容

var content = xmlHttp.responseText;//得到服务器响应的文本格式的内容
var content = xmlHttp.responseXML;//得到服务器响应的XML响应内容,它是Document对象了
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function(){//xmlHttp的5种状态都会调用本方法
if(xmlHttp.readyState ==4 && xmlHttp.status ==200){//双重判断,既要响应成功,又要服务器响应结束
//获取服务器响应的内容
var text = xmlHttp.responseText;
}
};

五:POST(如果发送请求时带有参数,一般使用POST请求)

  open :

xmlHttp.open("POST");

  添加一步:设置Content-Type请求头

xmlHttp.setRequestHeander("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

  send:

xmlHttp.send("username=xxx&password=xxx");

jsp

<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: YuWenHui
Date: 2017/4/20 0020
Time: 19:12
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>AJAX</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function createXMLHttpRequest() {
try {
return new XMLHttpRequest();
}catch (e){
try {
return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
}catch (e){
try {
return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}catch (e){
throw e;
}
}
}
}
window.onload = function () {
var username = document.getElementById("username");
username.onblur=function () {
var xmlHttp = createXMLHttpRequest();
xmlHttp.open("POST","<c:url value='/ValidateUsenameServlet'/> ",true);
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlHttp.send("username="+username.value);
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=function () {
if(xmlHttp.readyState==4 && xmlHttp.status ==200){
var span = document.getElementById("errorSpan");
if(xmlHttp.responseText == 1){
span.innerHTML="该用户名已被注册";
}else {
span.innerHTML="";
}
}
}
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>测试用户名是否被注册</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" ><span name="errorSpan"></span><br/>
密 码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登陆">
</form>
</body>
</html>

sevlet

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
* Created by YuWenHui on 2017/4/20 0020.
*/
public class ValidateUsenameServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String name = request.getParameter("username");
if ("yuwenhui".equalsIgnoreCase(name) || "余文辉".equalsIgnoreCase(name)){
response.getWriter().print("1");
}else {
response.getWriter().print("0");
}
}
}