C# 中枚举类型是一种值类型,目前(vs2012)还不能用于泛型。
状态量
示例一
[Flags]
public enum ConnectionState
{
Closed = 0,
Open = 1,
Connecting = 2,
Executing = 4,
Fetching = 8,
Broken = 16,
}
常量
示例二
[Flags]
[ComVisible(true)]
[Serializable]
public enum FileAttributes
{
ReadOnly = 1,
Hidden = 2,
System = 4,
Directory = 16,
Archive = 32,
Device = 64,
Normal = 128,
Temporary = 256,
SparseFile = 512,
ReparsePoint = 1024,
Compressed = 2048,
Offline = 4096,
NotContentIndexed = 8192,
Encrypted = 16384,
[ComVisible(false)] IntegrityStream = 32768,
[ComVisible(false)] NoScrubData = 131072,
}
在使用中,平时使用频率最多的是:使用switch case 语句来判断枚举中的一个值,比如:
示例三
enum ActionStep
{
/// <summary>
/// 第一步:打开主页
/// </summary>
Home, /// <summary>
/// 第二步:查找输入框与提交按钮,输入关键字后提交
/// </summary>
FindAndQuery, /// <summary>
/// 第三步:查找指定连接,找到后导航到它
/// </summary>
Search, /// <summary>
/// 第四步:等待15秒后关闭
/// </summary>
WaittingForClose, End
}
switch (action.Step)
{
case ActionStep.Home:
Navigate(task.Home);
break;
case ActionStep.FindAndQuery:
InputAndSubmit(task);
break;
case ActionStep.Search:
SearchTarget(task);
break;
case ActionStep.WaittingForClose:
WaitForClose(task);
break;
}
然而,我们有时候也需要多状态的情况,比如:文件属性 FileAttributes。
那么,如何来操作呢?
正常的思路是声明一个变量,在需要的时候进行 与 或 非 操作。(不是还有hasFlag嘛?......),比如:C# Enum设计和使用的相关技巧 中的示例
示例四
例如定义了权限Enum Permission: [Flags] public enum Permission{ Select = 1, Edit = 2, Delete = 4, View = 8, All = Select | Edit | Delete | View } 可以采用这个函数进行计算: public static Permission ClearFlag(Permission value, Permission flag) { value = value & (Permission.All^ flag); return value; }
使用起来应该很方便,但是如果遇到,像下面的情况
示例五
[Flags]
public enum AuthorState
{
BlogListDownloading = 1,
BlogListParsing = 2, BlogDownloading = 4,
BlogParsing = 8,
BlogWritting = 16, MetaDownloading = 32,
MetaParsing = 64,
MetaWritting = 128,
MetasParsedDone = 2048,//所的的元素解析全部完成 DownloadList = 256,
CheckUpdate = 512,
NeedUpdate = 1024//需要更新 }
/// <summary>
/// 状态辅助类
/// </summary>
public class EnumHelper
{
private AuthorState _state; /// <summary>
/// 添加一个状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="state"></param>
public void In(AuthorState state)
{
if (!Include(state))
_state |= state;
} /// <summary>
/// 删除一个状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="state"></param>
public void Out(AuthorState state)
{
if(!Include(state))
_state ^= state;
//_state ^= state;
} /// <summary>
/// 判断一个状态是否在其中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="state"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Include(AuthorState state)
{
return (_state & state) == state;
}
}
State.In(AuthorState.DownloadList);
_download.DownloadBlogList(url);
State.Out(AuthorState.DownloadList);
即,添加了一个状态,在之后的操作中会去除这个状态。
然而,我在写出了示例五之后总感觉这样做代码量增加太多了,虽然有智能提示。很是怀想delphi下的 In 操作:
示例六
procedure TForm1.Edit1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var..Key: Char);
begin
if not(key in['0'..'9',#8])then
begin
key:=#0;
MessageBeep(1); //Beep; 调用系统声音也行!
end;
end;
C#中的In是不会让你这么用的,那么,要怎么办?扩展!扩展枚举,增加一些方法
google了一下,找到了 如何:为枚举创建新方法(C# 编程指南)
下面是我修改之后的代码
示例七
[Flags]
public enum MyEnum
{
Zero =1 , One = 2, Two = 4, Three =8
}
扩展
public static class Extensions
{
public static MyEnum Host = MyEnum.One; public static bool Contained(this MyEnum value)
{
return (Host & value) == value;
} public static void Add(this MyEnum value)
{
if (value.Contained()) return;
Host |= value;
} public static void Remove(this MyEnum value)
{
if (value.Contained())
Host ^= value;
}
}
使用方法
public class TestCls
{
private MyEnum _initValue = MyEnum.One; public void Test(MyEnum value)
{
Extensions.Host = _initValue;//控制变量
value.Contained();
value.Add();
value.Remove();
}
}
那么,好吧,你现在会用了。
示例八
MyEnum.One.Add();
MyEnum.One.Remove();