用户输入和命令行参数

How do I have a Python script that a) can accept user input and how do I make it b) read in arguments if run from the command line?

我如何拥有a)可以接受用户输入的Python脚本以及如何创建它b)如果从命令行运行,则读入参数?

12 个解决方案

#1

To read user input you can try the cmd module for easily creating a mini-command line interpreter (with help texts and autocompletion) and raw_input (input for Python 3+) for reading a line of text from the user.

要读取用户输入,您可以尝试使用cmd模块轻松创建一个迷你命令行解释器(带有帮助文本和自动完成)和raw_input(用于Python 3+的输入),以便从用户读取一行文本。

text = raw_input("prompt")  # Python 2text = input("prompt")  # Python 3

Command line inputs are in sys.argv. Try this in your script:

命令行输入在sys.argv中。在你的脚本中尝试这个:

import sysprint (sys.argv)

There are two modules for parsing command line options: ~~optparse~~ (deprecated since Python 2.7, use argparse instead) and getopt. If you just want to input files to your script, behold the power of fileinput.

解析命令行选项有两个模块:optparse(自Python 2.7以来不推荐使用,而是使用argparse)和getopt。如果您只想将文件输入脚本,请注意fileinput的强大功能。

The Python library reference is your friend.

Python库参考是你的朋友。

#2

var = raw_input("Please enter something: ")print "you entered", var

Or for Python 3:

或者对于Python 3:

var = input("Please enter something: ")print("You entered: " + var)

#3

raw_input is no longer available in Python 3.x. But raw_input was renamed input, so the same functionality exists.

Python 3.x中不再提供raw_input。但是raw_input被重命名为输入,因此存在相同的功能。

input_var = input("Enter something: ")print ("you entered " + input_var)

Documentation of the change

变更的文件

#4

The best way to process command line arguments is the argparse module.

处理命令行参数的最佳方法是argparse模块。

Use raw_input() to get user input. If you import the readline module your users will have line editing and history.

使用raw_input()获取用户输入。如果您导入readline模块,您的用户将拥有行编辑和历史记录。

#5

Careful not to use the input function, unless you know what you're doing. Unlike raw_input, input will accept any python expression, so it's kinda like eval

小心不要使用输入功能,除非你知道你在做什么。与raw_input不同,input将接受任何python表达式,因此它有点像eval

#6

This simple program helps you in understanding how to feed the user input from command line and to show help on passing invalid argument.

这个简单的程序可以帮助您了解如何从命令行提供用户输入,并显示有关传递无效参数的帮助。

import argparseimport systry:     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()     parser.add_argument("square", help="display a square of a given number",                type=int)    args = parser.parse_args()    #print the square of user input from cmd line.    print args.square**2    #print all the sys argument passed from cmd line including the program name.    print sys.argv    #print the second argument passed from cmd line; Note it starts from ZERO    print sys.argv[1]except:    e = sys.exc_info()[0]    print e

1) To find the square root of 5

1)找到5的平方根

C:\Users\Desktop>python -i emp.py 525['emp.py', '5']5

2) Passing invalid argument other than number

2)传递除数字以外的无效参数

C:\Users\bgh37516\Desktop>python -i emp.py fiveusage: emp.py [-h] squareemp.py: error: argument square: invalid int value: 'five'<type 'exceptions.SystemExit'>

#7

Use 'raw_input' for input from a console/terminal.

使用'raw_input'从控制台/终端输入。

if you just want a command line argument like a file name or something e.g.

如果你只是想要一个命令行参数,比如文件名或者某些东西,例如

$ python my_prog.py file_name.txt

then you can use sys.argv...

那么你可以使用sys.argv ...

import sysprint sys.argv

sys.argv is a list where 0 is the program name, so in the above example sys.argv[1] would be "file_name.txt"

sys.argv是一个列表,其中0是程序名,因此在上面的例子中,sys.argv [1]将是“file_name.txt”

If you want to have full on command line options use the optparse module.

如果要使用完整的命令行选项,请使用optparse模块。

Pev

#8

If you are running Python <2.7, you need optparse, which as the doc explains will create an interface to the command line arguments that are called when your application is run.

如果您运行的是Python <2.7,则需要optparse,正如文档所解释的那样,它将创建一个接口,用于运行应用程序时调用的命令行参数。

However, in Python ≥2.7, optparse has been deprecated, and was replaced with the argparse as shown above. A quick example from the docs...

但是,在Python≥2.7中,optparse已被弃用,并被替换为argparse,如上所示。来自文档的快速示例......

The following code is a Python program that takes a list of integers and produces either the sum or the max:

以下代码是一个Python程序,它获取整数列表并生成总和或最大值:

import argparseparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',                   help='an integer for the accumulator')parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',                   const=sum, default=max,                   help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')args = parser.parse_args()print args.accumulate(args.integers)

#9

As of Python ~~3.2~~ 2.7, there is now argparse for processing command line arguments.

从Python 3.2 2.7开始,现在有用于处理命令行参数的argparse。

#10

If it's a 3.x version then just simply use:

如果它是3.x版本,那么只需使用:

variantname = input()

For example, you want to input 8:

例如,您要输入8:

x = input()8

x will equal 8 but it's going to be a string except if you define it otherwise.

x将等于8但它将是一个字符串,除非你另外定义它。

So you can use the convert command, like:

所以你可以使用convert命令,如:

a = int(x) * 1.1343print(round(a, 2)) # '9.07'9.07

#11

In Python 2:

在Python 2中:

data = raw_input('Enter something: ')print data

In Python 3:

在Python 3中:

data = input('Enter something: ')print(data)

#12

import sixif six.PY2:    input = raw_inputprint(input("What's your name? "))

#1

text = raw_input("prompt")  # Python 2text = input("prompt")  # Python 3