关于@Resource注解使用的注意事项

时间:2021-10-19 20:35:01

@Resource是Java自带的@interface类型,类似于Spring的@Autowired。但是两者的注入方式有很大的区别。@Resource是通过name注入,@Autowired是通过type注入,这也是这次刨坑的主要原因。

场景还原

背景介绍
  • 一个类SettingService加了@Service,name为settingService(spring扫描自动命名机制-将类的首字母小写当做name)
  • 另一个类BallGameSettingService也加了@Service,name为ballGameSettingService

代码如下:

@Service
public class SettingService {

    ......
}

@Service
public class BallGameSettingService{

    .......
}
导火线

以下注入将会出现异常:Error creating bean with name ‘ballGameSettingController’: Injection of resource dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException: Bean named ‘settingService’ is expected to be of type ‘com.xxx.BallGameSettingService’ but was actually of type ‘com.xxx.SettingService…EnhancerBySpringCGLIB..e4ce4a19’

public class BallGameSettingController extends BaseController {

    @Resource
    private BallGameSettingService settingService;

    ......
}

将上面的代码换成以下三种写法都可以:

public class BallGameSettingController extends BaseController {

    @Resource(name = "ballGameSettingService")
    private BallGameSettingService settingService;

    ......
}

或者

public class BallGameSettingController extends BaseController {

    @Resource
    private BallGameSettingService ballGameSettingService;

    ......
}

或者

public class BallGameSettingController extends BaseController {

    @Autowired
    private BallGameSettingService settingService;

    ......
}
根本原因:@Resource是通过name注入,@Autowired是通过type注入

在使用@Resource时,如果没有设置name,也就是 @Resource(name = “ballGameSettingService”) 时,会默认取变量名称当做name。所以造成这次异常的原因:

  • 我们环境中存在两个@Service的bean,名字分别为:settingService和ballGameSettingService,我们在通过以下代码注入的时候,获取到的是settingService(类型:SettingService),导致了类型出错。
@Resource
private BallGameSettingService settingService;
  • 以下两种正确写法的本质是一样,就是获取ballGameSettingService(类型:BallGameSettingService)
public class BallGameSettingController extends BaseController {

    @Resource(name = "ballGameSettingService")
    private BallGameSettingService settingService;

    ......
}

public class BallGameSettingController extends BaseController {

    @Resource
    private BallGameSettingService ballGameSettingService;

    ......
}
  • 使用@Autowired的本质是通过BallGameSettingService类型去获取

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