LNMP+zabbix模拟实际情况

主机名	主机IP	作用	备注
ZABBIX	192.168.1.226	监控服务端运行状况
LNMP	192.168.1.227	Discuz论坛服务器
Date	192.168.1.229	备份数据存放服务器

三、准备LNMP相关工具包

3.1 解决安装环境，上传相关工具

确认系统的网络yum源，mysql源，erep源存在

[root@lnmp~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/

CentOS7-Base-163.repo epel-testing.repo mysql-community.repo

epel.repo local-base.repo mysql-community-source.repo

上传LNMP环境相关软件安装包

nginx-1.10

mysql-5.6

pcre-8.42

php-7.0

下载地址：

https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/

http://nginx.org/en/download.html

http://php.net/downloads.php

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads

安装rz上传工具

[root@lnmp~]# yum -y install lrzsz

[root@lnmp~]# rz

[root@lnmp~]# ls

mysql-5.6.35.tar.gz nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz pcre-8.42.zip php-7.0.18.tar.gz

四、安装Naginx

4.1 解压pcre包

[root@lnmp~]# unzip pcre-8.42.zip -d /usr/local/src/

4.2 解决依赖

[root@lnmp~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib zlib-devel opensslopenssl-devel pcre*

4.3 创建nginx运行用户

[root@lnmp~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

4.4 解压Naginx

[root@lnmp~]# tar xf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz -C ./

[root@lnmp~]# cd nginx-1.10.3

4.5 配置nginx安装路径

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_dav_module--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_addition_module--with-http_sub_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module--with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.42 --user=nginx--group=nginx

4.6 编译安装

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# make -j 4 && make install

确认安装过程成是否出现异常，非0代表异常

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# echo $?

4.7 修改配置文件

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

4.8 创建优化启动文件

创建软连接启动

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/bin/

编写启动脚本

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash

#chkconfig: - 99 2

#description: Nginx Service Control Script

PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

case"$1" in

start)

$PROG

;;

stop)

kill -3 $(cat $PIDF)

;;

restart)

$0 stop &> /dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then continue ; fi

$0 start

;;

reload)

kill -1 $(cat $PIDF)

;;

echo "Userage: $0 { start | stop |restart | reload }"

exit 1

esac

exit0

添加执行权限

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# chmod +x !$

chmod+x /etc/init.d/nginx

添加到开机自启动

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# chkconfig --add nginx

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# chkconfig nginx on

4.9 启动nginx

[root@lnmpnginx-1.10.3]# nginx

4.10 打开Web验证

[root@lnmp~]# nginx –t 可以检查配置文件是否异常

[root@lnmp~]# nginx –V 可以查看版本，安装路径

五、安装Mysql 5.6版本

5.1 环境准备

注：单独添加一块50G的硬盘（实际环境会空间会更大），用于安装存放mysql的数据。

[root@lnmp~]# ls /dev/sd*

/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb

5.1.1 新建分区

[root@lnmp~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Changes willremain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be carefulbefore using the write command.

Device does notcontain a recognized partition table

Building a newDOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa53676b9.

Command (m forhelp):n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (defaultp):p

Partition number(1-4, default 1): #默认按回车或者 1

First sector(2048-104857599, default 2048): #默认按回车

Using defaultvalue 2048

Last sector,+sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): #整个硬盘空间都给这个区，按回车

Using defaultvalue 104857599

Partition 1 oftype Linux and of size 50 GiB is set

Command (m forhelp):w

The partitiontable has been altered!

Calling ioctl()to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

5.1.2 创建挂载目录

[root@lnmp~]# mkdir /mysql-data

5.1.3 格式化分区系统

[root@lnmp~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

5.1.4 查看新分区设备的UUID值

[root@lnmp~]# sudo blkid /dev/sdb1

5.1.5 写入到开机自动挂载配置文件

[root@lnmp~]# vim /etc/fstab

5.1.6 挂载所有设备

[root@lnmp~]# mount -a

5.1.7 查看当前系统挂载信息

[root@lnmp~]# df –Th

/dev/sdb1 xfs 50G 33M 50G 1%/mysql-data

5.2 卸载系统自带的mysql

[root@lnmp~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

[root@lnmp~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

5.3 解决mysql依赖包

[root@lnmp~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconfautomake zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake

5.2.3 创建系统运行用户

[root@lnmp~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql

5.4 解压并进入Mysql5.6安装目录

[root@lnmp~]# tar -xf mysql-5.6.35.tar.gz

[root@lnmp~]# cd mysql-5.6.35

5.5 配置mysql存放路径，编码格式

[root@lnmpmysql-5.6.35]# cmake \

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/mysql-data/mysql \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\

-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\

-DWITH_READLINE=1\

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1\

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mysql-data/mysql/data \

-DMYSQL-USER=mysql

检查安装过程中是否出现异常

[root@lnmpmysql-5.6.35]#echo $? #非0为异常报错

5.6 编译安装

[root@lnmpmysql-5.6.35]#make -j 4 && make install

[root@lnmpmysql-5.6.35]# echo $? #非0为异常报错

检查安装过程中是否出现异常（make -j 4//代表使用cpu使用4线程同时编译，默认为1）

5.7 Mysql目录授权

[root@lnmp/]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql-data/

5.8 编辑mysql配置文件

复制默认配置文件

[root@lnmp/]# cp /mysql-data/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

复制默认启动脚本

[root@lnmp/]# cp /mysql-data/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

编辑启动脚本

[root@lnmp/]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

添加执行权限

[root@lnmp/]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

添加到开机自启动

[root@lnmp/]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@lnmp/]# chkconfig mysqld on

初始化Mysql

[root@lnmp/]#

/mysql-data/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --basedir=/mysql-data/mysql --datadir=/mysql-data/mysql/data

运行Mysql安全配置向导

[root@lnmp~]# mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNINGALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQLSERVERS IN PRODUCTIONUSE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to loginto MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current

password for theroot user. If you've just installedMySQL, and

you haven't setthe root password yet, the password will be blank,

so you shouldjust press enter here.

Enter currentpassword for root (enter for none): #初始密码为空

OK, successfullyused password, moving on...

Setting the rootpassword ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL

root userwithout the proper authorisation.

Set rootpassword? [Y/n] y #设置root密码

New password: #输入新密码123456

Re-enter newpassword: #确认新密码123456

Password updatedsuccessfully!

Reloadingprivilege tables..

... Success!

By default, aMySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone

to log intoMySQL without having to have a user account created for

them. This is intended only for testing, and tomake the installation

go a bitsmoother. You should remove them beforemoving into a

production environment.

Remove anonymoususers? [Y/n] y #拒绝匿名用户登录

... Success!

Normally, rootshould only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This

ensures thatsomeone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow rootlogin remotely? [Y/n] y #拒绝root用户远程登录

... Success!

By default,MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access. This is also intended only for testing, andshould be removed

before movinginto a production environment.

Remove testdatabase and access to it?[Y/n] y #移除test测试库

- Dropping test database...

... Success!

- Removing privileges on test database...

... Success!

Reloading theprivilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effectimmediately.

Reload privilegetables now? [Y/n]y #刷新权限表

... Success!

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps,your MySQL

installationshould now be secure.

Thanks for usingMySQL!

Cleaning up...

5.9 启动数据库

[root@lnmp/]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

用软连接方式，使系统能直接调用Mysql相关命令

[root@lnmp/]# ln -s /mysql-data/mysql/bin/* /usr/sbin/

六、安装PHP

在Nginx中，我们使用的是php-fpm来对php页面解析，PHP-FPM其实是PHP源代码的一个补丁，指在将FastCGI进程管理整合进PHP包中。必须将它patch到你的PHP源代码中，再编译安装PHP后才可以使用。

6.1 解压PHP包

[root@lnmp~]# tar xf php-5.6.36.tar.gz

[root@lnmp~]# cd php-5.6.36

6.2 配置文件安装目录

[root@lnmpphp-5.6.36]# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/--enable-fpm --with-mysqli=mysqlnd--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir--with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath--enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization--with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --enable-ftp--with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl--enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear--with-gettext --disable-fileinfo --enable-maintainer-zts

注：安装时如果出现，下面类似报错。

解决方法：yum -y install curl-devel

解决方法：yum –y install libjpeg-devel

此处省略N个依赖包…….请忽略上面截图php 7.0版本。使用PHP5.6.36版本安装

yum -y install php-mcrypt libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel php-pearlibxml2 libxml2-devel curl curl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-develfreetype-devel

6.3 编译安装

[root@lnmpphp-5.6.36]# make -j 4 && make install

6.4 复制配置文件

编辑前养成良好习惯，先备份一份

[root@lnmpphp-5.6.36]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default.bak

改名，去除后面的.default

[root@lnmpphp-5.6.36]#mv /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default

/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.cnf

修改运行用户和组

[root@lnmpphp-5.6.36]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.cnf

6.5 复制php.ini配置文件

[root@lnmpphp-5.6.36]#cp php.ini-production/usr/local/php/

6.6 复制php-fpm启动脚本

[root@lnmpphp-5.6.36]# cd /root/php-5.6.36/sapi/fpm/

[root@lnmpfpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

6.7 添加执行权限

[root@lnmpfpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

6.8 添加到开机启动项

[root@lnmpfpm]# chkconfig --add php-fpm

设置开机启动

[root@lnmpfpm]# chkconfig php-fpm on

6.9 启动php-fpm

[root@lnmpfpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start

Startingphp-fpm done

6.10 测试php页面

编辑php测试页面

[root@lnmpfpm]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

重启nginx

[root@lnmpfpm]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart

打开web测试

七、安装Discuz论坛

下载地址：http://www.comsenz.com/downloads/install/discuz

上传到服务器

[root@lnmp~]# rz

[root@lnmp ~]# ls

Discuz_7.2_FULL_SC_UTF8.zip

mysql-5.6.35.tar.gz

nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz

php-7.0.18

mysql-5.6.35

nginx-1.10.3

pcre-8.42.zip

php-7.0.18.tar.gz

7.1 创建存放Discuz的目录

[root@lnmp~]# mkdir discuz

解压到指定目录

[root@lnmp~]# unzip -d ./discuz/ Discuz_7.2_FULL_SC_UTF8.zip

将安装包移到网站根目录下

[root@lnmp~]# mv /root/discuz/upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs

7.2 授权给Nginx访问

[root@lnmp~]# chown -R nginx,nginx /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/

7.3 创建Discuz数据库

[root@lnmpmysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456

mysql>create database Discuz;

mysql>grant all on Discuz.* to discuz@'%' identified by '123456';

mysql>flush privileges;

测试登陆

[root@lnmpmysql]# mysql -udiscuz -p123456

Warning:Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.

YourMySQL connection id is 2

Serverversion: 5.6.35 Source distribution

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates.Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

7.4 打开web安装Discuz

修改php.ini配置文件

[root@lnmp~]# vim /usr/local/php/php.ini

重启php服务

[root@lnmp~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

Gracefullyshutting down php-fpm . done

Startingphp-fpm done

返回web页面继续安装

7.5 检测不到Mysql模块，排错

找到php.ize执行脚本

[root@lnmp ~]# find /-name phpize

/root/php-5.6.36/scripts/phpize

/usr/local/php/bin/phpize

切换到源码安装包mysql路径下

[root@lnmp php]# cd/root/php-5.6.36/ext/mysql

拷贝phpize执行脚本到当前目录

[root@lnmp mysql]# cp/usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./

运行脚本

[root@lnmp mysql]#./phpize

Configuring for:

PHP Api Version: 20131106

Zend Module Api No: 20131226

Zend Extension Api No: 220131226

指定安装到php、mysql配置文件

[root@lnmp mysql]#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config--with-pdo-mysql=/mysql-data/mysql/

[root@lnmp mysql]#make && make install

修改配置文件，在最后新增一行

[root@lnmp mysql]#vim /usr/local/php/php.ini

[root@lnmp mysql]#/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

Gracefully shutting down php-fpm .done

Starting php-fpm done

八、搭建zabbix监控

下载地址：https://www.zabbix.com/download

8.1 获取并安装zabbix地址：

[root@zabbix~]#wgethttp://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@zabbix~]#rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm

8.2 安装数据库

[root@zabbix~]# yum -y install mariadb-devel mariadb-server

[root@zabbixzabbix]# mysql -uroot -p

Enterpassword: #初次安装密码为空

8.3 创建授权数据库用户

mysql>create database zabbix;

mysql>grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@'%' identified by '123456';

mysql>flush privileges;

8.4 安装zabbix插件

[root@zabbix~]# yum install zabbix-get zabbix-sender zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-agent php-mysql

查看安装了那些rpm包

[root@zabbix~]# rpm -qa |grep zabbix

查看server包的文件路径

[root@zabbix~]# rpm -ql zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11-1.el7.x86_64

切换到zabbix的数据库目录下

[root@zabbix~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11

8.5 解压文件并导入到数据库

[root@zabbixzabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# gzip -d create.sql.gz

[root@zabbixzabbix-server-mysql-3.2.11]# mysql -uroot -p zabbix< create.sql

Enterpassword: #123456

8.6 修改配置文件的mysql路径

[root@zabbix~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

修改启动配置文件所属时区

[root@zabbix~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf

8.7 启动并添加到开机自起

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl start mariadb

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl start zabbix-server

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl enable httpd

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl enable mariadb

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent

[root@zabbix~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server

8.7 打开web安装zabbix

修改中文字体

[root@zabbixfonts]# cd /usr/share/zabbix/fonts

[root@zabbixfonts]# rz

删除或重命名原字体文件

[root@zabbixfonts]# mv graphfont.ttf graphfont.ttf.bak

重命名

[root@zabbixfonts]# mv msyhbd.ttf graphfont.ttf

九、监控主机

9.1 安装zabbix客户端

[root@lnmp~]# yum -y install zabbix-agent zabbix-get

修改客户端配置文件

[root@lnmp/]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

切换到zabbix服务端上测试联通性

[root@zabbix~]# /usr/bin/zabbix_get -s 192.168.1.227 -p 10050 -k system.uname

Linuxlnmp.com 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64

9.2 添加监控主机

选择监控模板

9.3 添加nginx监控

在nginx服务器上创建一个存放脚本目录

[root@lnmp~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/zabbix-agent/scripts

新建一个脚本文件

[root@lnmp~]# vim /usr/local/zabbix-agent/scripts/nginx-check.sh

#!/bin/bash

##################################

# Zabbix monitoringscript

# nginx:

# - anything available via nginx stub-statusmodule

##################################

# Contact:

# vincent.viallet@gmail.com

# Zabbix requestedparameter

ZBX_REQ_DATA="$1"

ZBX_REQ_DATA_URL="$2"

# Nginx defaults

NGINX_STATUS_DEFAULT_URL="http://127.0.0.1/nginx_status"

WGET_BIN="/usr/bin/wget"

# Error handling:

# - need to be displayable in Zabbix (avoidNOT_SUPPORTED)

# - items need to be of type "float"(allow negative + float)

ERROR_NO_ACCESS_FILE="-0.9900"

ERROR_NO_ACCESS="-0.9901"

ERROR_WRONG_PARAM="-0.9902"

ERROR_DATA="-0.9903"# either can not connect / bad host / bad port

# Handle host andport if non-default

if [ ! -z"$ZBX_REQ_DATA_URL" ]; then

URL="$ZBX_REQ_DATA_URL"

else

URL="$NGINX_STATUS_DEFAULT_URL"

# save the nginxstats in a variable for future parsing

NGINX_STATS=$($WGET_BIN-q $URL -O - 2> /dev/null)

# error duringretrieve

if [ $? -ne 0 -o -z"$NGINX_STATS" ]; then

echo $ERROR_DATA

exit 1

# Extract data fromnginx stats

case $ZBX_REQ_DATA in

active_connections) echo "$NGINX_STATS" | head -1 | cut -f3 -d' ';;

accepted_connections) echo"$NGINX_STATS" | grep -Ev '[a-zA-Z]' | cut -f2 -d' ';;

handled_connections) echo "$NGINX_STATS" | grep -Ev'[a-zA-Z]' | cut -f3 -d' ';;

handled_requests) echo "$NGINX_STATS" | grep -Ev'[a-zA-Z]' | cut -f4 -d' ';;

reading) echo "$NGINX_STATS" |tail -1 | cut -f2 -d' ';;

writing) echo "$NGINX_STATS" |tail -1 | cut -f4 -d' ';;

waiting) echo "$NGINX_STATS" |tail -1 | cut -f6 -d' ';;

*) echo $ERROR_WRONG_PARAM; exit 1;;

esac

exit 0

添加执行权限

[root@lnmp~]# chmod +x /usr/local/zabbix-agent/scripts/nginx-check.sh

新建一个nginx模块配置文件

[root@lnmp~]#vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/ nginx-params.conf

插入下面的内容

UserParameter=nginx[*],/usr/local/zabbix-agent/scripts/nginx-check.sh"$1"

重启nginx和zabbix客户端

[root@lnmp~]#systemctl restart nginx

[root@lnmp~]#systemctl restart zabbix-agent

返回zabbix服务端测试

[root@zabbix~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.1.227 -p 10050 -k "nginx[reading]"

9.4 在web页面导入nginx模板

模板下载地址：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qRdMB_1W6MUJ94VJ5rsNhg密码：xrmu

9.5 监控mysql状况

Mysql授权

[root@lnmp~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

mysql>grant all on *.* to zabbix@'%' identified by '123456';

QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>flush privileges;

QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

新建mysql登录配置文件

[root@lnmp ~]# vim/etc/zabbix/.my.cnf

#Zabbix Agent

[mysql]

host=localhost

user=zabbix

password=123456

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqladmin]

host=localhost

user=zabbix

password=123456

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

修改读取配置文件路径

[root@lnmp~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

替换原文件内容

[root@lnmp~]#

sed -i's@HOME=/var/lib/zabbix@HOME=/etc/zabbix@g'/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/userparameter_mysql.conf

[root@lnmp~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent

添加mysql模块

9.6 设置邮件告警

[root@zabbix~]# yum -y install mailx sendmail

[root@zabbix~]# cp /etc/mail.rc /etc/mail.rc.bak

[root@zabbix ~]# vim/etc/mail.rc

set from=lzq690813425@163.com

set smtp=smtp.163.com

set smtp-auth-user=lzq690813425@163.com

set smtp-auth-password=nizhuangB520

set smtp-auth=login

[root@zabbix~]# echo "zabbix test mail" | mailx -s "zabbix" 690813425@qq.com

[root@zabbix ~]# vim/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/ sendmail.sh

#!/bin/bash

messages=`echo $3 |tr '\r\n' '\n'`

subject=`echo $2 | tr'\r\n' '\n'`

echo"${messages}" | mailx -s "${subject}" $1>>/tmp/sendmail.log 2>&1

[root@zabbix~]# chmod +x sendmail.sh

[root@zabbix~]# chown zabbix.zabbix sendmail.sh

[root@zabbix~]# /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/sendmail.sh 690813425@qq.com "好好学习" "努力就有收获"

十、主机安全

10.1 使用fail2ban防止ssh暴力破解

安装iptables服务

[root@lnmp~]# yum -y install iptables-services

放行服务端口

[root@lnmp~]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

[root@lnmp~]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

[root@lnmp~]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

10.2 下载fail2ban工具

10.3 上传到服务器端解压并安装

[root@lnmp~]# tar -xf fail2ban-0.8.14.tar.gz

[root@lnmp~]# cd fail2ban-0.8.14

查看python版本，不低于2.5就ok

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# python -V

Python2.7.5

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# python setup.py install

复制启动文件

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# cp files/redhat-initd /etc/rc.d/init.d/fail2ban

添加到开机自起

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]#chkconfig --add fail2ban

查看添加状况信息

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# grep chkconfig ./* -R --color

./files/redhat-initd:#chkconfig: - 92 08

修改配置文件

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# vim /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf

#是否激活此项（true/false）修改成 true

enabled = true

#过滤规则filter的名字，对应filter.d目录下的sshd.conf

filter = sshd

#动作的相关参数，对应action.d/iptables.conf文件

action =iptables[name=SSH, port=ssh, protocol=tcp]

#触发报警的收件人

sendmail-whois[name=SSH,dest=you@example.com,sender=fail2ban@example.com,sendername="Fail2Ban"]

#检测的系统的登陆日志文件。这里要写sshd服务日志文件。默认为logpath = /var/log/sshd.log

logpath = /var/log/secure

#5分钟内3次密码验证失败，禁止用户IP访问主机1小时。配置如下

bantime = 3600 #禁止用户IP访问主机1小时

findtime = 300 #在5分钟内内出现规定次数就开始工作

maxretry = 3 #3次密码验证失败

启动

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# systemctl start fail2ban

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# chkconfig fail2ban on

[root@lnmpfail2ban-0.8.14]# > /var/log/secure

测试

1、如果做错了，想清空一下记录，还原：

只需要把 > /var/log/secure 清空就可以了。

[root@lnmp fail2ban-0.8.14]#systemctl restart fail2ban

2、另外如果后期需要把iptables清空后或iptables重启后，也需要把fail2ban重启一下。

3、如果修改ssh默认端口22为2018后。配置fail2ban来监控sshd服务

需要修改配置文件：

[root@lnmp fail2ban]# vim jail.conf

#修改iptables动作中的端口号。默认为ssh。

改：port=ssh 为port=2018
[root@lnmp fail2ban]# vim/etc/fail2ban/action.d/iptables.conf

#修改动作文件中默认端口号。改：port=ssh 为port=2018

重启服务即可

4、如果想要使用fail2ban发送告警邮件，请确保系统的邮件服务能够正常发送邮件！

可以发一封测试邮件到指定邮箱来测试下：

echo “test mail”|mail -s test lzq690813425@163.com

十一、定时备份数据

使用rsync定时备份nginx、mysql数据，Rsync服务依赖Xinetd，是使用超级服务来管理的需要在目标机（存储服务器）器上安装rsync服务端

安装前先查看系统当前rsync版本，尽量保持一致！

备份数据存储端：

[root@data~]# rpm -qa | grep rsync

rsync-3.1.2-4.el7.x86_64

源数据端：

[root@lnmp~]# rpm -qa | grep rsync

rsync-3.1.2-4.el7.x86_64

备份数据端安装xinetd服务：

[root@data~]# yum -y install xinetd

[root@data~]# rsync –daemon

[root@data~]# netstat -antup | grep 873

Tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1763/rsync

tcp60 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 1763/rsync

11.1 Rsync命令

-a, --archive archivemode 权限保存模式,相当于 -rlptgoD 参数，存档，递归，保持属性等

-z, --compress 压缩模式, 当资料在传送到目的端进行档案压缩.

-v, --verbose 复杂的输出信息

--delete，删除那些目标位置有的文件而备份源没有的文件

11.2 创建rsync用户设置密码

[root@data~]# useradd rsync ; echo rsync:abcd123 |chpasswd

[root@lnmp~]# useradd rsync ; echo rsync:abcd123 |chpasswd

11.3 使用ACL方式授权

源数据端：

[root@lnmp~]#setfacl-R -m user:rsync:rwx /mysql-data/mysql/data/

[root@lnmp~]# setfacl -R -m user:rsync:rwx /usr/local/nginx/html/

查看ACL授权信息

[root@lnmp ~]#getfacl /usr/local/nginx/html/

getfacl: Removingleading '/' from absolute path names

# file:usr/local/nginx/html/

# owner: root

# group: root

user::rwx

user:rsync:rwx

group::r-x

mask::rwx

other::r-x

11.4 备份数据存储端：

创建数据存放目录

[root@data/]# mkdir /backup

[root@data/]# mkdir /backup/nginx-web

[root@data/]# mkdir /backup/mysql-data

修改所属用户、组

[root@data~]# chown -R rsync:rsync /backup/

[root@data~]# ll /backup/

total8

drwxr-xr-x2 rsync rsync 4096 Jun 10 10:14 mysql-data

drwxr-xr-x2 rsync rsync 4096 Jun 10 10:14 nginx-web

11.5 测试rsync是否正常

[root@lnmp~]# rsync -avz --delete /usr/local/nginx/html/ rsync@192.168.1.229:/backup/nginx-web/

返回备份端查看数据是否备份成功

[root@data~]# ll /backup/nginx-web/

total16

drwxrwxrwx18 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 6 2010 bbs

-rw-rwxr-- 1 rsync rsync 203 Jun 6 10:38 index.php

drwxrwxr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 6 2010readme

drwxrwxr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 6 2010utilities

11.6 使用脚本定时备份

11.6.1 切换到rsync用户

[root@lnmp~]# su - rsync

Lastlogin: Sun Jun 10 19:41:48 CST 2018 on pts/0

11.6.2 编辑备份脚本

[rsync@lnmp~]$ vim backup.sh

脚本内容：

#!/bin/bash

remotedir=/backup/nginx-web #数据备份端目录

basedir=/usr/local/nginx/html #源数据目录

host=192.168.1.229 #备份存储端主机IP

id=rsync #使用rsync用户执行备份

rsync -av -e ssh$basedir ${id}@${host}:${remotedir}

Nginx-web数据备份脚本:

Mysql-data数据备份脚本:

11.6.3 添加执行权限

[rsync@lnmp~]$ chmod +x mysql-backup.sh

[rsync@lnmp~]$ chmod +x nginx-backup.sh

11.6.4 创建rsync的ssh密秘钥登录

[rsync@lnmp ~]$ssh-keygen

Generatingpublic/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in whichto save the key (/home/rsync/.ssh/id_rsa):

#提示输入密匙文件的保存路径,默认“回车”

Enter passphrase(empty for no passphrase):

下面要求输入密码，这里的passphrase 密码是对生成的私匙文件(/root/.ssh/id_dsa)的保护口令，如果不设置可以“回车”。

Enter same passphraseagain:

Your identificationhas been saved in /home/rsync/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key hasbeen saved in /home/rsync/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprintis:

SHA256:/n5ts4S8cg9jaqDy7ImInOmvSxQ9narCaHOLgsSEdu0sync@lnmp

The key's randomartimage is:

+---[RSA 2048]----+

| |

| . . . |

|.. o.o |

|.o..o. |

|+.... S |

|+o. E .. .. |

|=* . ... *.. |

|B.*.oo.. .ooo=+ |

|+O=o.+= o++.ooo |

+----[SHA256]-----+

[rsync@lnmp~]$ cd .ssh/

[rsync@lnmp.ssh]$ ls

id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts

11.6.5 将秘钥上传到服务端

[rsync@lnmp.ssh]$ ssh-copy-id -i 192.168.1.229

11.6.6 测试密秘钥登录

[rsync@lnmp.ssh]$ ssh rsync@192.168.1.229

Lastlogin: Sun Jun 10 11:38:13 2018 from 192.168.1.227

[rsync@data~]$ exit

11.6.7 创建定时执行备份脚本

[rsync@lnmp ~]$crontab -e

0 4 * * */home/rsync/mysql-backup.sh &> /dev/null

0 5 * * */home/rsync/ nginx-backup.sh &> /dev/null