1998年的图灵奖获得者-James N.Gray

James N.Gray (xx/xx/19xx--)

图灵奖获得时间：

1998年。第三十三位图灵奖 (1998年 ) 获得者。

图灵奖引用 (Turing Award Citation) ：

Citation

For seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation.

中文翻译：

( 授予 James Gray 图灵奖以表彰其在) 数据库和事务(Transaction)处理研究领域开创性的贡献，和其在系统实现方面的领导地位。

编者注：

关于事务处理(Transaction Processing):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_transaction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID

Transaction Processing

Transaction Processing Concepts and Techniques

事务处理的通常理论定义：

The execution of business operations consisting of one or several requests or updates to a system as discrete units of work, each of them a transaction.

A transaction has a start and it is finished by either a commit-command to activate all its changes made to the system or by a rollback-command to roll back the system to the previous state

That means: A transaction either processes all of its changes or none of them. After the execution the system is always left in a valid state.

Transactions have 4 basic properties - the so called ACID properties

A = Atomicity (a transaction is completely finished or completely rolled back)
C = Consistency (system gets a valid new state or stays in the previous state)
I = Isolation (transaction is separated from other ones during processing)
D = Durability (system is left in a valid state even after a system failure)