Retrofit2
是square
公司出品的一个网络请求库,网上有很多相关的介绍。我很久以前都想去研究了,但一直都有各种事情耽搁,现在就让我们一起去捋一捋,这篇主要讲解Retrofit2
与RxJava
的基本用法。
get
请求post
请求文件上传
文件下载
开启日志拦截
与RxJava结合使用
什么是Retrofit2
官网是这么介绍的:
Retrofit adapts a Java interface to HTTP calls by using annotations on the declared methods to
define how requests are made。
我翻译的可能不准确,他的大概意思是说:Retrofit 是一个 java 接口类,以注解的方式用于 HTTP 网络请求。那下面我们一起来看看是怎么使用的?
使用前的配置
build.gradle 的 dependencies 添加:
compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3.1'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.2.0'
获取Retrofit实例
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://plus31.366ec.net/")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
需要注意的是baseUrl
添加的是地址的主域名。
申明RestService接口类
public interface RestService {
@GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list")
Call<ResponseBody> getManagerData(@Query("StoreId") int id);
}
@GET
包含的是请求地址,是主域名之后的地址。举个例子,请求的
全地址:http://plus31.366ec.net/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list
,
主域名为:http://plus31.366ec.net/
@GET包含的地址为:/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list
这样就完成了一个简单的@GET
封装。
创建RestClient类
public class RestClient {
private Retrofit mRetrofit;
private static final String BASE_URL = "http://plus31.366ec.net/";
private RestService mService;
//构造方法
public RestClient() {
mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(BASE_URL)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
mService = mRetrofit.create(RestService.class);
}
public RestService getRectService() {
if (mService != null) {
return mService;
}
return null;
}
}
这样就生成了一个简单的代理类,然后就可以进行相应请求了。
Get请求
public class SimpleGetActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btnGet;
private TextView tvResult;
private RestClient mRestClient;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_simple_get);
btnGet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_get);
tvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
btnGet.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
//获取实例
mRestClient = new RestClient();
Call<ResponseBody> responseBodyCall = mRestClient.getRectService().getManagerData(49);
//调用回调接口
responseBodyCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
try {
tvResult.setText(response.body().string());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
});
}
}
一起来看看效果:
分析返回的 json
数据,包含集合,那么我们可以进一步对接口返回值进行数据的封装。
BaseResponse类
public class BaseResponse<T> {
@SerializedName("data")
public List<T> managerList;
@SerializedName("code")
public int code;
@SerializedName("message")
public String message;
}
注意:BaseResponse
类的字段,根据自己返回json
数据新增或者删除。
根据返回的json
集合,那么我们肯定有个实体类了。
Manager类
public class Manager {
public int Id;
public String UserName;
}
Manager
类你可以替换成你自己的实体类。
Get的进一步封装
@GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list")
Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> getManagerDatas(@Query("StoreId") int id);
注意:我们这里对方法的返回值进行了一个修改Call<BaseResponse<Manager>>
来看看封装后的Activity
类:
public class GetActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btnGet;
private RestClient mRestClient;
private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
private BaseRecyclerAdapter<Manager> mAdapter;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_get);
btnGet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_get);
mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rv);
mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
btnGet.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
//获取实例
mRestClient = new RestClient();
Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> baseResponseCall = mRestClient.getRectService().getManagerDatas(49);
baseResponseCall.enqueue(new Callback<BaseResponse<Manager>>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> call, Response<BaseResponse<Manager>> response) {
//获取返回的集合数据
//response.body().managerList
mAdapter = new BaseRecyclerAdapter<Manager>(GetActivity.this, response.body().managerList, R.layout.rv_item) {
@Override
protected void convert(BaseViewHolder helper, Manager item) {
helper.setText(R.id.tv_item_text, item.UserName);
}
};
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
});
}
}
来看看效果:
Get常用技巧
HashMap组装参数
:
@GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list")
Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> getManagerDatas(@QueryMap HashMap<String, String> hm);
Get
请求就讲到这里了,下面一起来看看 Post
请求。
Post请求
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list")
Call<BaseResponse<Manager>> postManagerDatas(@Field("StoreId") int id);
@Field("StoreId") int id
可以替换@Body
,@Body
你可以传入HashMap
、实体 beans
等对象。
注意:以@Body
上传参数,会默认加上Content-Type: application/json;
charset=UTF-8
的请求头,即以JSON
格式请求,再以JSON
格式响应。
单个文件上传
@Multipart
@POST("/UploadProduct.axd")
Call<ResponseBody> uploadSimpleFile(@Part MultipartBody.Part file);
文件上传稍微复杂点,具体请看以下代码:
File file = new File("/sdcard/", "a.xlxs");
//file
RequestBody requestFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);
//监听上传进度
CountingRequestBody countingRequestBody = new CountingRequestBody(requestFile, new CountingRequestBody.Liste
@Override
public void onRequestProgress(long bytesWritten, long contentLength) {
tvFile.setText("上传进度:" + contentLength + ":" + bytesWritten);
}
});
MultipartBody.Part body =
MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("file", file.getName(),countingRequestBody);
mRestClient = new RestClient("http://192.168.4.111:686/");
Call<ResponseBody> responseBodyCall = mRestClient.getRectService().uploadSimpleFile(body);
responseBodyCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
tvFile.setText("上传成功");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
tvFile.setText(t.toString());
}
});
看看效果图:
多文件上传
@Multipart
@POST("/HpWens/ProgressDemos/")
Call<ResponseBody> uploads(@PartMap Map<String, RequestBody> params);
private void initData() {
//保证文件按顺序上传 使用LinkedHashMap
params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
File file1 = new File("/sdcard/", "a.xlxs");
final RequestBody requestBody1 = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file1);
//监听上传进度
CountingRequestBody countingRequestBody1 = new CountingRequestBody(requestBody1, new CountingRequestBody.Listener() {
@Override
public void onRequestProgress(long bytesWritten, long contentLength) {
tvFile1.setText("上传进度:" + contentLength + ":" + bytesWritten);
}
});
params.put("file\";filename=\"" + file1.getName(), countingRequestBody1);
File file2 = new File("/sdcard/", "a.xlxs");
RequestBody requestBody2 = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file2);
//监听上传进度
CountingRequestBody countingRequestBody2 = new CountingRequestBody(requestBody2, new CountingRequestBody.Listener() {
@Override
public void onRequestProgress(long bytesWritten, long contentLength) {
tvFile2.setText("上传进度:" + contentLength + ":" + bytesWritten);
}
});
params.put("file\";filename=\"" + file2.getName(), countingRequestBody2);
mRestClient = new RestClient("http://192.168.4.111:686/");
btnUpload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Call<ResponseBody> responseBodyCall = mRestClient.getRectService().uploadMultiFiles(params);
responseBodyCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
tvFile1.setText("上传成功");
tvFile2.setText("上传成功");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
});
}
在文章的后面我会附上源码,这里我就不在贴图了,具体请看demo
文件下载
@Streaming
@GET("/image/h%3D360/sign=86aee1fbf1deb48fe469a7d8c01e3aef/{filename}")
Call<ResponseBody> downFile(@Path("filename") String fileName);
处理方式基本和上面几种差不多:
public class DownFileActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ImageView iv;
private Button btnDown;
private RestClient mRestClient;
private String fileName;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_down_file);
iv = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv);
btnDown = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_down);
mRestClient = new RestClient("http://d.hiphotos.baidu.com/");
fileName = "b812c8fcc3cec3fd8757dcefd488d43f8794273a.jpg";
btnDown.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Call<ResponseBody> userCall = mRestClient.getRectService().downFile(fileName);
userCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
iv.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeStream(response.body().byteStream()));
//saveFile(response.body().byteStream());
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
});
}
public void saveFile(InputStream is){
try {
String fn = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + fileName;
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fn);
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
fos.write(buf, 0, len);
}
is.close();
fos.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
}
}
效果一览:
开启OKHttp的日志拦截
开启日志后,会记录request和response的相关信息,非常实用,也非常强大,不知道是否是编码格式,我下载图片打印的全是乱码。
public void initRestClint(String baseUrl) {
logging.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);
OkHttpClient.Builder httpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
httpClient.addInterceptor(logging);
mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(baseUrl)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
.client(httpClient.build())
.build();
mService = mRetrofit.create(RestService.class);
}
类似这样的logcat
日志:
Retrofit2与RxJava结合使用
添加库:
compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.1.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.0.0'
添加addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
到Retrofit.Builder
中:
mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(baseUrl)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
.client(httpClient.build())
.build();
那么我们结合RxJava
一起使用呢,下面我们一起来看一看:
@GET("/Route.axd?method=vast.Store.manager.list")
Observable<BaseResponse<Manager>> getManagers(@Query("StoreId") int id);
通过我们的观察是不是发现只有返回值发送了变化,Observable
类型。
//获取实例
mRestClient = new RestClient();
mRestClient.getRectService().getManagers(49)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(new Subscriber<BaseResponse<Manager>>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(BaseResponse<Manager> managerBaseResponse) {
}
});
RxJava
支持链式写法,可以处理一些很复杂的问题。
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