锁对象
java SE5.0之后为实现多线程的互斥引入了ReentrantLock类。ReentrantLock类一个可重入的互斥锁 Lock，它具有与使用 synchronized 方法和语句所访问的隐式监视器锁相同的一些基本行为和语义，但功能更强大。
ReentrantLock类有两种构造方法：
构造方法
一、不带公平参数的构造方法
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> ReentrantLock <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">lock</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ReentrantLock();</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
默认的是非公平锁，这种锁不会根据线程等待时间的长短来优先调度线程。
这样就构造了一个锁对象lock。
二、带公平参数的锁对象
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> ReentrantLock <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">lock</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ReentrantLock(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
此类的构造方法接受一个可选的公平 参数。当设置为 true 时，在多个线程的争用下，这些锁倾向于将访问权授予等待时间最长的线程。否则此锁将无法保证任何特定访问顺序。
公平锁和非公平锁的区别：
与采用默认设置（使用不公平锁）相比，使用公平锁的程序在许多线程访问时表现为很低的总体吞吐量（即速度很慢，常常极其慢），但是在获得锁和保证锁分配的均衡性时差异较小。不过要注意的是，公平锁不能保证线程调度的公平性。因此，使用公平锁的众多线程中的一员可能获得多倍的成功机会，这种情况发生在其他活动线程没有被处理并且目前并未持有锁时。
使用方法
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">class X {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> final ReentrantLock <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">lock</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ReentrantLock();
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 其他变量的定义</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">m</span>() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">lock</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">lock</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 当试图获得锁时，如果锁已经被别的线程占有，那么该线程会一直被阻塞，直到获得锁</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 处理数据</span>
} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">finally</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">lock</span>.unlock(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//释放锁</span>
}
}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>
首先为大家介绍一下，ReentrantLock类的两个最常用的方法：
lock()
获得锁对象，如果该锁对象没有被其他线程占有，那么可以立刻获得锁，并执行接下来的处理；如果锁对象已经被其他对象占有，那么该线程就会被阻塞在请求锁的对象的操作上，直到其他的线程释放锁，该线程得到锁，才能继续的向下执行。
unlock()
释放锁，已经获得锁对象的线程在操作完数据后要释放锁，以便其他的线程重新获得锁来执行自己的操作，否则所有的试图获得锁的线程都不能继续向下执行。
使用方法简单明了，就是在执行各个线程都要操作相同数据的代码之前请求锁，在finally语句中释放锁，为什么要在finally中释放锁呢，这是因为如果try语句块中有语句发生异常，则会直接跳过try中所有的剩余代码包括unlock（），所以锁对象就不能得到释放，其他的线程也不能继续向下执行，导致程序不能继续执行，我们在finally中释放锁，这样就能保证一定可以将锁释放掉，不管获得锁的线程是不是正确的执行结束。
现在来使用这个方法修改一下我们上一篇博客中的代码：
<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
class MyThread implements Runnable {
<span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**
* 计算类型，1表示减法，其他的表示加法
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> type;
<span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**
* 锁对象
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> ReentrantLock lock = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ReentrantLock();
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyThread</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> type) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.type = type;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (type == <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10000</span>; i++) {
lock.lock();
Test.num--;
lock.unlock();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10000</span>; i++) {
lock.lock();
Test.num++;
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Test</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> num = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000000</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {
Thread a = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyThread(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>));
Thread b = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyThread(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>));
a.start();
b.start();
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*
* 主线程等待子线程完成，然后再打印数值
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {
a.join();
b.join();
} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(num);
}
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li></ul>
再多运行几次，是不是结果都是正确的呢。
现在，我们来解释一下，什么是可重入的锁。ReentrantLock类中有一个计数器，用来表示一个线程获取锁的数量，初始值为0，当一个线程获得锁时，该值被置为1，可重入的意思就是，已经获得锁的线程还可以继续调用同一个锁所保护的方法，也就是再一次获得锁，当再一次获得锁时，ReentrantLock中的计数器就加1，每释放一次锁，计数器就减1，当计数器减为0的时候，这个线程才是真正的释放了这个锁。
我们接着讨论另外一个非常重要的问题。ReentrantLock类是依赖于创建它的类的对象。什么意思呢，就是说如果两个线程同时访问同一个ReentrantLock对象的lock（）方法保护的方法时，OK，这是没有问题的，锁对象会成功的保护数据操作不会出错。但是如果两个线程同时访问ReentrantLock类的不同对象的被lock（）保护的方法，那么这两个线程是不会相互影响的，也就是说lock（）方法这时不能保证数据的正确性。
我们来看一下上边那个代码的这一部分：
<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Thread</span> a <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Thread</span>(<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyThread(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>));
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Thread</span> b <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Thread</span>(<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyThread(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>));
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
这里建立了两个对象a和b，所以他们每个类都有自己的ReentrantLock对象，这就是我们上边所说的ReentrantLock类的不同对象，这样如果两个线程分别操作a和b的数据，lock方法是不会有效的。
不信我们试试看这个代码：
<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
class MyThread implements Runnable {
<span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**
* 计算类型，1表示减法，其他的表示加法
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> type;
<span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**
* 锁对象
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> ReentrantLock lock = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ReentrantLock();
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyThread</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> type) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.type = type;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (type == <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10000</span>; i++) {
lock.lock();
Test.num--;
lock.unlock();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10000</span>; i++) {
lock.lock();
Test.num++;
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Test</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> num = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000000</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {
Thread a = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyThread(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>));
Thread b = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyThread(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>));
a.start();
b.start();
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*
* 主线程等待子线程完成，然后再打印数值
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {
a.join();
b.join();
} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(num);
}
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li></ul>
注意这里的代码和上边的代码并不一样，唯一的区别就在于声明ReentrantLock对象时前边是否加了static，这里是没有static修饰，再运行几次，是不是结果是不正确的呢。
为什么会这样呢？因为如果被static修饰，那么两个线程就是共用的同一个lock对象，如果不被static修饰，那么每个线程就是使用的它自己的lock对象，所以不会static修饰就会出现错误。