java web-----servelet

时间:2024-03-31 16:37:32

1,定义servlet;

2,servlet生命周期;

3,HttpServlet常用方法;

4,servlet常用接口;

一,servlet定义:

  servlet是一个继承HttpServlet类的java类,直接利用开发工具创建,

  servlet可以接收页面的跳转,进行逻辑处理,<form>表单的action对

  应servlet的url,同一工程下为“../servletName”。

二,servlet生命周期:

  1,生成servlet,加载到Servlet Engine中,通过调用 init() 方法初始化;

  2,通过提供的响应方法(doGet, doPost, service)处理客户端请求;

  3,调用 distroy() 方法进行销毁。

三,servelet处理客户端的常用方法:

  1,doGet() 处理 get 方式提交的表单,也可处理浏览器的直接访问。

    //设置输出内容格式与编码
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8");

    //设置接收参数的编码格式
           request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

    //接收参数
           String uname = request.getParameter("uname");

    //获取 PrintWriter 向网页输出内容

    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

  用户登录示例:

  java web-----servelet

      java web-----servelet

  (1.前端页面 userForm.jsp)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="../DoGetDemo" method="post">
<table align="center">
<tr>
<td>账号:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="uname" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="提交" /></td>
<td><input type="reset" value="重置" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

  (2.servlet接收提交的数据)

package com.javaweb.servelet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /**
* Servlet implementation class DoGetDemo
*/
@WebServlet("/DoGetDemo")
public class DoGetDemo extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public DoGetDemo() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
} /**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//doPost(request, response);
} /**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//设置输出内容格式与编码
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//设置接收参数的编码格式
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//接收参数
String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//输出结果
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("用户:"+uname);
out.println("<br>密码:"+password);
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
} }

  2,doPost() 处理 post 方式提交的表单,不可处理浏览器的直接访问。

  代码与 doGet() 相同。

  3,service() 处理 get , post方式提交的表单,以及客户浏览器的直接访问。

四,servlet常用接口:

  1,HttpServletRequest 对应于jsp的内置对象request;

  2,HttpServletResponse 对应于jsp的内置对象response;

  3,HttpSession 类似于jsp的内置对象session,必须通过 request 的getSession() 获取;

  4,ServletContext 类似于jsp的内置对象 application,必须通过 HttpServlet 的 getServletContext()获取

    ServletContext application = getServletContext();