原文:重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (8) - 控件之 WebView
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (8) - 控件之 WebView
作者:webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps 之 WebView
- 演示 WebView 的基本应用
- 演示 WebView 如何与 JavaScript 交互
- 通过 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的内容
- 如何全屏 WebView
示例
1、WebView 的基本应用
WebView/Demo.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.Demo"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0"> <Button Name="btnNavigateUrl" Content="导航到指定的 url" Click="btnNavigateUrl_Click_1" /> <Button Name="btnShowHtml" Content="解析指定的 html 字符串" Click="btnShowHtml_Click_1" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> <Button Name="btnFullScreen" Content="演示当 WebView 全屏时如何操作当前页(WebView 会遮挡所有元素)" Click="btnFullScreen_Click_1" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> <WebView Name="webView" Width="400" Height="300" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/Demo.xaml.cs
/*
* WebView - 内嵌浏览器
* Source - 导航到指定的 url
* Navigate() - 导航到指定的 url
* NavigateToString() - 解析指定的 html 字符串
* LoadCompleted - 在 DOM 加载完成后所触发的事件
* NavigationFailed - 导航发生错误时触发的事件(事件参数:WebViewNavigationFailedEventArgs)
*
* WebViewNavigationFailedEventArgs
* Uri - 尝试导航到的 Uri
* WebErrorStatus - 错误状态(Windows.Web.WebErrorStatus 枚举)
*/ using System;
using Windows.UI.Popups;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class Demo : Page
{
public Demo()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} private void btnNavigateUrl_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 导航到指定的 url
webView.Navigate(new Uri("http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/", UriKind.Absolute));
// webView.Source = new Uri("http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/", UriKind.Absolute); // 导航失败时
webView.NavigationFailed += webView_NavigationFailed;
} async void webView_NavigationFailed(object sender, WebViewNavigationFailedEventArgs e)
{
await new MessageDialog(e.WebErrorStatus.ToString()).ShowAsync();
} private void btnShowHtml_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 解析指定的 html 字符串
webView.NavigateToString("<html><body>I am webabcd</body></html>");
} private void btnFullScreen_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var root = Window.Current.Content as Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Frame;
root.Navigate(typeof(XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.FullScreen));
}
}
}
2、WebView 如何与 JavaScript 交互
WebView/Interact.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.Interact"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0"> <Button Name="btnInvokeJavaScript" Content="app 调用 WebView 加载内容中的 JavaScript 脚本" Click="btnInvokeJavaScript_Click_1" /> <Button Name="btnAccessDOM" Content="通过 eval 访问 DOM" Click="btnAccessDOM_Click_1" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> <WebView Name="webView" Width="400" Height="300" Source="http://localhost:39629/WebViewInteract.html" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/Interact.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 app 如何与 WebView 中的 JavaScript 进行交互
*
* WebView - 内嵌浏览器
* InvokeScript() - 调用 JavaScript 中的指定函数,并返回执行结果
* ScriptNotify - 当接收到从 JavaScript 发过来的数据时所触发的事件(事件参数:NotifyEventArgs)
* AllowedScriptNotifyUris - 允许触发 ScriptNotify 事件的 uri 列表
*
* NotifyEventArgs
* Value - js 传递给 app 的数据
*
*
* 注:本例通过加载 WebServer 项目下的 WebViewInteract.html 来演示 app 与 js 的交互
*/ using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Windows.UI.Popups;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class Interact : Page
{
public Interact()
{
this.InitializeComponent(); // 指定允许触发 ScriptNotify 事件的 uri 列表(如果 uri 是目录而不是文件,则此目录下所有文件都可以触发 ScriptNotify 事件)
List<Uri> allowedUris = new List<Uri>();
allowedUris.Add(new Uri("http://localhost:39629/"));
webView.AllowedScriptNotifyUris = allowedUris; webView.ScriptNotify += webView_ScriptNotify;
} async void webView_ScriptNotify(object sender, NotifyEventArgs e)
{
// 获取 js 传递过来的数据(js 端通向 app 传递数据的方法:window.external.notify('js to app');)
await new MessageDialog(e.Value).ShowAsync();
} // app 调用 js
private async void btnInvokeJavaScript_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
string[] arguments = { "webabcd" };
// 调用 js 方法:sayHelloToJs('webabcd'); 并返回结果
string result = webView.InvokeScript("sayHelloToJs", arguments); await new MessageDialog(result).ShowAsync();
} // 通过 eval 方式访问 DOM
private async void btnAccessDOM_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 获取 document.title 的值
string[] arguments = { "document.title" };
string result = webView.InvokeScript("eval", arguments); await new MessageDialog(result).ShowAsync();
}
}
}
3、通过 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的内容
WebView/Share.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.Share"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0"> <Button Name="btnShare" Content="通过 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的被选中的文本内容" Click="btnShare_Click_1" /> <WebView Name="webView" Width="400" Height="300" Source="http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/Share.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示如何通过 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的内容(复制到剪切板也是同理)
*
* WebView - 内嵌浏览器
* DataTransferPackage - 返回 DataPackage 对象
*/ using Windows.ApplicationModel.DataTransfer;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class Share : Page
{
private DataTransferManager _dataTransferManager; public Share()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} private void btnShare_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_dataTransferManager = DataTransferManager.GetForCurrentView();
_dataTransferManager.DataRequested += _dataTransferManager_DataRequested; DataTransferManager.ShowShareUI();
} // 分享 WebView 中的被选中的文本内容
void _dataTransferManager_DataRequested(DataTransferManager sender, DataRequestedEventArgs args)
{
DataRequest request = args.Request;
DataPackage dataPackage = webView.DataTransferPackage;
DataPackageView dataPackageView = dataPackage.GetView(); // 如果用户选择了一段内容,则通过 WebView.DataTransferPackage 获取到的数据里就会有 StandardDataFormats.Text 格式的内容,此内容就是用户所选中的内容
if (dataPackageView.Contains(StandardDataFormats.Text))
{
dataPackage.Properties.Title = "Title";
dataPackage.Properties.Description = "Description"; request.Data = dataPackage;
}
else
{
request.FailWithDisplayText("没有选中任何内容");
} _dataTransferManager.DataRequested -= _dataTransferManager_DataRequested;
}
}
}
4、全屏 WebView 时需要注意哪些
WebView/FullScreen.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.FullScreen"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <Page.Resources>
<Storyboard x:Name="sbOpenAppBar">
<DoubleAnimation x:Name="aniTranslateYOpen" Storyboard.TargetName="webView" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(CompositeTransform.TranslateY)" Duration="00:00:00.367">
<DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
<ExponentialEase EasingMode="EaseOut"/>
</DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
</DoubleAnimation>
</Storyboard>
<Storyboard x:Name="sbCloseAppBar">
<DoubleAnimation x:Name="aniTranslateYClose" Storyboard.TargetName="webView" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(CompositeTransform.TranslateY)" Duration="00:00:00.367">
<DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
<ExponentialEase EasingMode="EaseOut"/>
</DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
</DoubleAnimation>
</Storyboard>
</Page.Resources> <Page.BottomAppBar>
<AppBar x:Name="appBar">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<Button x:Name="btnHome" Style="{StaticResource HomeAppBarButtonStyle}" Click="btnHome_Click_1" />
</StackPanel>
</AppBar>
</Page.BottomAppBar> <Grid Background="Transparent">
<WebView Name="webView" Source="http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/">
<WebView.RenderTransform>
<CompositeTransform/>
</WebView.RenderTransform>
</WebView>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/FullScreen.xaml.cs
/*
* 由于 WebView 控件上不允许显示其他任何元素,那么当 WebView 全屏时如何操作当前页呢?
* 可以考虑通过 AppBar 操作当前页面,但是 AppBar 也会被 WebView 挡住,所以我们要做的是当 AppBar 显示后,减小 WebView 的高度
*
* 注:WebViewBrush 上是可以显示其他元素的
*/ using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class FullScreen : Page
{
public FullScreen()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
appBar.Opened += appBar_Opened;
appBar.Closed += appBar_Closed;
} protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
appBar.Opened -= appBar_Opened;
appBar.Closed -= appBar_Closed;
} // 显示 BottomAppBar,减小 WebView 的高度,使其不会遮挡 BottomAppBar
void appBar_Opened(object sender, object e)
{
// 强制更新布局,这样可以获取到 WebView 和 BottomAppBar 的最新的真实高度
this.UpdateLayout(); double appBarHeight = appBar.ActualHeight;
webView.Height = webView.ActualHeight - appBarHeight; // WebView 的高度减小后会居中显示,此方法用于将 WebView 的顶端和屏幕的顶端对齐,同时来个动画效果
aniTranslateYOpen.To = -appBarHeight / 2.0;
sbOpenAppBar.Begin();
} // appBar_Opened 的逆运算,不解释
void appBar_Closed(object sender, object e)
{
this.UpdateLayout(); double appBarHeight = appBar.ActualHeight;
webView.Height = webView.ActualHeight + appBarHeight; aniTranslateYOpen.To = appBarHeight / 2.0;
sbCloseAppBar.Begin();
} // 导航到首页
private void btnHome_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var root = Window.Current.Content as Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Frame;
root.Navigate(typeof(XamlDemo.MainPage));
}
}
}
OK
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