Ubuntu16.04安装jdk，下载linux中的64版本
需要下载jdk，tomcat安装包 tar.gz版本的
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1mi4WVhA
安装JDK:
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir /java
[sudo] hongdada 的密码：
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ cd /Downloads
bash: cd: /Downloads: 没有那个文件或目录
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ cd Downloads/
hongdada@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ sudo mv jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz /java
hongdada@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ sudo tar -zxvf jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz
tar (child): jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz：无法 open: 没有那个文件或目录
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
hongdada@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ cd java/
bash: cd: java/: 没有那个文件或目录
hongdada@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ cd ~
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ cd java/
bash: cd: java/: 没有那个文件或目录
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ cd /java
hongdada@ubuntu:/java$ sudo tar -zxvf jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz
jdk1.8.0_121/
jdk1.8.0_121/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
jdk1.8.0_121/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
...............
jdk1.8.0_121/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/jstat.1
hongdada@ubuntu:/java$ sudo gedit /etc/environment //修改/etc/environment中的内容 hongdada@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit /etc/environment
[sudo] hongdada 的密码： (gedit:3856): IBUS-WARNING **: The owner of /home/hongdada/.config/ibus/bus is not root! (gedit:3856): Gtk-WARNING **: Calling Inhibit failed: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files ** (gedit:3856): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-spell-enabled ** (gedit:3856): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-encoding ** (gedit:3856): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-spell-enabled ** (gedit:3856): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-encoding ** (gedit:3856): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-spell-enabled ** (gedit:3856): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-encoding ** (gedit:3856): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-position
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ source /etc/environment
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_121"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_121-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.121-b13, mixed mode)
/etc/environment中文件修改为
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:$JAVA_HOME/bin"
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export JAVA_HOME=/java/jdk1.8.0_121
修改environment是修改系统的环境变量，还要修改登陆用户的环境变量，即修改/etc/profile的文件
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit /etc/profile
/etc/profile修改为：
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...). if [ "$PS1" ]; then
if [ "$BASH" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
# The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
# PS1='\h:\w\$ '
if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bash.bashrc
fi
else
if [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; then
PS1='# '
else
PS1='$ '
fi
fi
fi if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
if [ -r $i ]; then
. $i
fi
done
unset i
fi #set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/java/jdk1.8.0_121
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
使用命令使环境变量立即生效
source /etc/profile
重启电脑，能正常进入系统，且java -version命令有效
安装Tomcat9:
在java文件夹下面创建文件夹tomcat,迁移Downloads中的apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17.tar.gz文件到tomcat文件夹中，解压
修改/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/bin/startup.sh文件
在文件底部添加
#set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/java/jdk1.8.0_121
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH #tomcat
export TOMCAT_HOME=/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
添加之后的startup.sh文件
#!/bin/sh # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License. # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start Script for the CATALINA Server
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac # resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0" while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
PRG="$link"
else
PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
fi
done PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh # Check that target executable exists
if $os400; then
# -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
# 1. owned by the user
# 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
# this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
eval
else
if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
echo "This file is needed to run this program"
exit 1
fi
fi exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" start "$@" #set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/java/jdk1.8.0_121
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH #tomcat
export TOMCAT_HOME=/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
启动Tomcat
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ cd /java
hongdada@ubuntu:/java$ cd tomcat
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat$ cd apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17$ cd bin
bash: cd: bin: 权限不够
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17$ sudo cd bin
sudo: cd：找不到命令
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17$ sudo bin
sudo: bin：找不到命令
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17$ sudo ./bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
Using CATALINA_HOME: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /java/jdk1.8.0_121
Using CLASSPATH: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/bin/bootstrap.jar:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
虚拟机的ip地址为192.168.1.202
查看tomcat
关闭tomcat,直接执行bin下面的shutdown.sh文件
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ cd /java
hongdada@ubuntu:/java$ cd tomcat
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat$ cd apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17$ sudo ./bin/shutdown.sh
[sudo] hongdada 的密码：
Using CATALINA_BASE: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
Using CATALINA_HOME: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /java/jdk1.8.0_121
Using CLASSPATH: /java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/bin/bootstrap.jar:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
hongdada@ubuntu:/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17$
为了每次能够在开机的时候自动启动tomcat
修改/etc/rc.local文件
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing. #set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/java/jdk1.8.0_121
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH #tomcat
export TOMCAT_HOME=/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17 #configuration
/java/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M17/bin/startup.sh
特别是#configuration下面的，用于自启动。
重启以后发现tomcat并没有自动启动，网上查看发现原来我的/etc/rc.local没有执行权限
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ ls -al /etc/rc.local
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 628 3月 2 23:15 /etc/rc.local
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ chmod +x /etc/rc.local
chmod: 更改'/etc/rc.local' 的权限: 不允许的操作
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local
hongdada@ubuntu:~$ ls -al /etc/rc.local
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 628 3月 2 23:15 /etc/rc.local
hongdada@ubuntu:~$
修改/etc/rc.local的执行权限，重启发现tomcat已经ok了。
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140908.htm