在HTML5本地存储——IndexedDB(一:基本使用)中介绍了关于IndexedDB的基本使用方法,很不过瘾,这篇我们来看看indexedDB的杀器——索引。
熟悉数据库的同学都知道索引的一个好处就是可以迅速定位数据,提高搜索速度,在indexedDB中有两种索引,一种是自增长的int值,一种是keyPath:自己指定索引列,我们重点来看看keyPath方式的索引使用.
创建索引
我们可以在创建object store的时候指明索引,使用object store的createIndex创建索引,方法有三个参数
- 索引名称
- 索引属性字段名
- 索引属性值是否唯一
function openDB (name,version) {
var version=version || 1;
var request=window.indexedDB.open(name,version);
request.onerror=function(e){
console.log(e.currentTarget.error.message);
};
request.onsuccess=function(e){
myDB.db=e.target.result;
};
request.onupgradeneeded=function(e){
var db=e.target.result;
if(!db.objectStoreNames.contains('students')){
var store=db.createObjectStore('students',{keyPath: 'id'});
store.createIndex('nameIndex','name',{unique:true});
store.createIndex('ageIndex','age',{unique:false});
}
console.log('DB version changed to '+version);
};
}
这样我们在students 上创建了两个索引
利用索引获取数据
function getDataByIndex(db,storeName){
var transaction=db.transaction(storeName);
var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
var index = store.index("nameIndex");
index.get('Byron').onsuccess=function(e){
var student=e.target.result;
console.log(student.id);
}
}
这样我们可以利用索引快速获取数据,name的索引是唯一的没问题,但是对于age索引只会取到第一个匹配值,要想得到所有age符合条件的值就需要使用游标了
游标
在indexedDB中使用索引和游标是分不开的,对数据库熟悉的同学很好理解游标是什么东东,有了数据库object store的游标,我们就可以利用游标遍历object store了。
使用object store的openCursor()方法打开游标
function fetchStoreByCursor(db,storeName){
var transaction=db.transaction(storeName);
var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
var request=store.openCursor();
request.onsuccess=function(e){
var cursor=e.target.result;
if(cursor){
console.log(cursor.key);
var currentStudent=cursor.value;
console.log(currentStudent.name);
cursor.continue();
}
};
}
curson.contine()会使游标下移,知道没有数据返回undefined
index与游标结合
要想获取age为26的student,可以结合游标使用索引
function getMultipleData(db,storeName){
var transaction=db.transaction(storeName);
var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
var index = store.index("ageIndex");
var request=index.openCursor(IDBKeyRange.only(26))
request.onsuccess=function(e){
var cursor=e.target.result;
if(cursor){
var student=cursor.value;
console.log(student.id);
cursor.continue();
}
}
}
这样我们可是使用索引打开一个游标,参数下面会讲到,在成功的句柄内获得游标便利age为26的student,也可以通过index.openKeyCursor()方法只获取每个对象的key值。
指定游标范围
index.openCursor()/
index.openKeyCursor()方法在不传递参数的时候会获取object store所有记录,像上面例子一样我们可以对搜索进行筛选
可以使用key range 限制游标中值的范围,把它作为第一个参数传给openCursor()
或是openKeyCursor()
IDBKeyRange.only(value):只获取指定数据
IDBKeyRange.lowerBound(value,isOpen):获取最小是value的数据,第二个参数用来指示是否排除value值本身,也就是数学中的是否是开区间
IDBKeyRange.upperBound(value,isOpen):和上面类似,用于获取最大值是value的数据
IDBKeyRange.bound(value1,value2,isOpen1,isOpen2):不用解释了吧
获取名字首字母在B-E的student
function getMultipleData(db,storeName){
var transaction=db.transaction(storeName);
var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
var index = store.index("nameIndex");
var request=index.openCursor(IDBKeyRange.bound('B','F',false,
true
));
request.onsuccess=function(e){
var cursor=e.target.result;
if(cursor){
var student=cursor.value;
console.log(student.name);
cursor.continue();
}
}
}
完整示例
1 <!DOCTYPE HTML>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <title>IndexedDB</title>
5 </head>
6 <body>
7 <script type="text/javascript">
8 function openDB (name,version) {
9 var version=version || 1;
10 var request=window.indexedDB.open(name,version);
11 request.onerror=function(e){
12 console.log(e.currentTarget.error.message);
13 };
14 request.onsuccess=function(e){
15 myDB.db=e.target.result;
16 };
17 request.onupgradeneeded=function(e){
18 var db=e.target.result;
19 if(!db.objectStoreNames.contains('students')){
20 var store=db.createObjectStore('students',{keyPath: 'id'});
21 store.createIndex('nameIndex','name',{unique:true});
22 store.createIndex('ageIndex','age',{unique:false});
23 }
24 console.log('DB version changed to '+version);
25 };
26 }
27
28 function closeDB(db){
29 db.close();
30 }
31
32 function deleteDB(name){
33 indexedDB.deleteDatabase(name);
34 }
35
36 function addData(db,storeName){
37 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite');
38 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
39
40 for(var i=0;i<students.length;i++){
41 store.add(students[i]);
42 }
43 }
44
45 function getDataByKey(db,storeName,value){
46 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite');
47 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
48 var request=store.get(value);
49 request.onsuccess=function(e){
50 var student=e.target.result;
51 console.log(student.name);
52 };
53 }
54
55 function updateDataByKey(db,storeName,value){
56 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite');
57 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
58 var request=store.get(value);
59 request.onsuccess=function(e){
60 var student=e.target.result;
61 student.age=35;
62 store.put(student);
63 };
64 }
65
66 function deleteDataByKey(db,storeName,value){
67 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite');
68 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
69 store.delete(value);
70 }
71
72 function clearObjectStore(db,storeName){
73 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'readwrite');
74 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
75 store.clear();
76 }
77
78 function deleteObjectStore(db,storeName){
79 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName,'versionchange');
80 db.deleteObjectStore(storeName);
81 }
82
83 function fetchStoreByCursor(db,storeName){
84 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName);
85 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
86 var request=store.openCursor();
87 request.onsuccess=function(e){
88 var cursor=e.target.result;
89 if(cursor){
90 console.log(cursor.key);
91 var currentStudent=cursor.value;
92 console.log(currentStudent.name);
93 cursor.continue();
94 }
95 };
96 }
97
98 function getDataByIndex(db,storeName){
99 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName);
100 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
101 var index = store.index("ageIndex");
102 index.get(26).onsuccess=function(e){
103 var student=e.target.result;
104 console.log(student.id);
105 }
106 }
107
108 function getMultipleData(db,storeName){
109 var transaction=db.transaction(storeName);
110 var store=transaction.objectStore(storeName);
111 var index = store.index("nameIndex");
112 var request=index.openCursor(null,IDBCursor.prev);
113 request.onsuccess=function(e){
114 var cursor=e.target.result;
115 if(cursor){
116 var student=cursor.value;
117 console.log(student.name);
118 cursor.continue();
119 }
120 }
121 }
122
123 var myDB={
124 name:'test',
125 version:1,
126 db:null
127 };
128
129 var students=[{
130 id:,
131 name:"Byron",
132 age:24
133 },{
134 id:,
135 name:"Frank",
136 age:30
137 },{
138 id:,
139 name:"Aaron",
140 age:26
141 },{
142 id:,
143 name:"Casper",
144 age:26
145 }];
146 </script>
147 </body>
148 </html>
最后
有了游标和索引才能真正发挥indexedDB为例,是不是感觉比自定义对象强大方便了很多呢。
来源于:http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphinX/p/3416889.html