1 Exchanger 介绍
前面分别介绍了CyclicBarrier、CountDownLatch、Semaphore,现在介绍并发工具类中的最后一个Exchange
。Exchanger
是一个用于线程间协作的工具类,Exchanger
用于进行线程间的数据交换,它提供一个同步点,在这个同步点,两个线程可以交换彼此的数据。这两个线程通过exchange
方法交换数据,如果第一个线程先执行exchange
方法,它会一直等待第二个线程也执行exchange
方法,当两个线程都到达同步点时,这两个线程就可以交换数据。
A synchronization point at which threads can pair and swap elements within pairs. Each thread presents some object on entry to the exchange method, matches with a partner thread, and receives its partner's object on return. An Exchanger may be viewed as a bidirectional form of a SynchronousQueue. Exchangers may be useful in applications such as genetic algorithms and pipeline designs.
在以上的描述中,有几个要点:
- 此类提供对外的操作是同步的;
- 用于成对出现的线程之间交换数据;
- 可以视作双向的同步队列;
- 可应用于基因算法、流水线设计等场景。
- 接着看api文档,这个类提供对外的接口非常简洁,一个无参构造函数,两个重载的范型exchange方法:
1
2
|
public V exchange(V x) throws InterruptedException
public V exchange(V x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException
|
2 Exchanger 实例
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
|
public class ExchangerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
executor.execute( new Runnable() {
String data = "data1" ;
@Override
public void run() {
doExchangeWork(data, exchanger);
}
});
executor.execute( new Runnable() {
String data = "data2" ;
@Override
public void run() {
doExchangeWork(data, exchanger);
}
});
executor.shutdown();
}
private static void doExchangeWork(String data, Exchanger exchanger) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在把数据 " + data + " 交换出去" );
Thread.sleep(( long ) (Math.random() * 1000 ));
String exchangeData = (String) exchanger.exchange(data);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "交换得到数据 " + exchangeData);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
|
pool-1-thread-1正在把数据 data1 交换出去
pool-1-thread-2正在把数据 data2 交换出去
pool-1-thread-2交换得到数据 data1
pool-1-thread-1交换得到数据 data2
当线程A调用Exchange
对象的exchange()
方法后,他会陷入阻塞状态,直到线程B也调用了exchange()
方法,然后以线程安全的方式交换数据,之后线程A和B继续运行。
exchange等待超时
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
|
public class ExchangerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
executor.execute( new Runnable() {
String data = "data1" ;
@Override
public void run() {
doExchangeWork(data, exchanger);
}
});
executor.execute( new Runnable() {
String data = "data2" ;
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(( long ) ( 3000 ));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
doExchangeWork(data, exchanger);
}
});
executor.shutdown();
}
private static void doExchangeWork(String data, Exchanger exchanger) {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在把数据 " + data + " 交换出去" );
//远小于3秒抛出异常
String exchangeData = (String) exchanger.exchange(data, 1 , TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "交换得到数据 " + exchangeData);
} catch ( TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
|
pool-1-thread-1正在把数据 data1 交换出去
java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
at java.util.concurrent.Exchanger.exchange(Exchanger.java:626)
at ExchangerTest.doExchangeWork(ExchangerTest.java:37)
at ExchangerTest.access$000(ExchangerTest.java:3)
at ExchangerTest$1.run(ExchangerTest.java:12)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
pool-1-thread-2正在把数据 data2 交换出去
java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
at java.util.concurrent.Exchanger.exchange(Exchanger.java:626)
at ExchangerTest.doExchangeWork(ExchangerTest.java:37)
at ExchangerTest.access$000(ExchangerTest.java:3)
at ExchangerTest$2.run(ExchangerTest.java:26)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
实战场景:
设计一个定时任务,每日凌晨执行。在定时任务中启动两个线程,一个线程负责对业务明细表(xxx_info)进行查询统计,把统计的结果放置在内存缓冲区,另一个线程负责读取缓冲区中的统计结果并插入到业务统计表(xxx_statistics)中。
亲,这样的场景是不是听起来很有感觉?没错!两个线程在内存中批量交换数据,这个事情我们可以使用Exchanger去做!
3 实现原理
Exchanger
(交换者)是一个用于线程间协作的工具类。Exchanger
用于进行线程间的数据交换。它提供一个同步点,在这个同步点两个线程可以交换彼此的数据。这两个线程通过exchange
方法交换数据, 如果第一个线程先执行exchange
方法,它会一直等待第二个线程也执行exchange
,当两个线程都到达同步点时,这两个线程就可以交换数据,将本线程生产出来的数据传递给对方。因此使用Exchanger
的重点是成对的线程使用exchange()方法,当有一对线程达到了同步点,就会进行交换数据。因此该工具类的线程对象是成对的。
Exchanger类提供了两个方法,String exchange(V x):用
于交换,启动交换并等待另一个线程调用exchange
;String
exchange(V x,long timeout,TimeUnit unit):用于交换,启动交换并等待另一个线程调用exchange
,并且设置最大等待时间,当等待时间超过timeout
便停止等待。
到此这篇关于Java多线程之同步工具类Exchanger的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Java多线程 Exchanger内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家!
原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7021034812295102501