【UWP】对 Thickness 类型属性进行动画

时间:2024-01-07 14:23:08

好几个月没写 blog 了,一个是在忙新版的碧影壁纸,另一方面是等(观望)周年更新的 api(不过现在还是比较失望,仍然没法支持矩形以外的 Clip)。闲话少说,进入主题。

在 UWP 中,出于性能考虑,微软是不建议、不推荐对会影响布局的属性进行动画的。例如 Width 和 Height 这种,如果真的需要对这些属性进行动画的话(毕竟需求就摆在那里),可以将 Animation 的 EnableDependentAnimation 属性设置为 true 来对这些属性进行动画的。

但是,对于 Thickness 类型来说,这是行不通的,因为 UWP 中并没有 ThicknessAnimation 这种动画类型(PS:WPF 里是有这种动画类型的说)。

不过既然我标题都写了出来,那办法肯定是有的。Thickness 就是四个方向分量,也就是说,对这四个方向分量进行动画就等于对这个 Thickness 进行了动画。

还有另外一点要注意的是,Thickness 类型的四个属性并不是依赖属性。

例如:

control.Margin.Left = ;

这一句是没有效果的。

要实现效果,只能对 Margin 属性从新赋一个值:

var margin = control.Margin;
margin.Left = ;
control.Margin = margin;

也就是说,我们需要一个可绑定的 Margin。(我就叫它 BindableMargin)

新建一个用户控件

【UWP】对 Thickness 类型属性进行动画

为什么是用户控件?因为经过我的发现,我们自定义的类的依赖属性,得有 xaml 文件才能进行动画。(不信你可以试试^-^)

然后修改 BindableMargin.xaml 如下:

<DependencyObject x:Class="AnimateThicknessDemo.BindableMargin"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d" />

相当简单的一段 xaml,设计器就无视好了。重点在 BindableMargin.xaml.cs 里,修改代码:

    public partial class BindableMargin
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty BottomProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Bottom), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), BottomChanged)); public static readonly DependencyProperty LeftProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Left), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), LeftChanged)); public static readonly DependencyProperty RightProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Right), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), RightChanged)); public static readonly DependencyProperty TopProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Top), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), TopChanged)); private readonly FrameworkElement _owner; public BindableMargin(FrameworkElement owner)
{
if (owner == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(owner));
} _owner = owner;
} public double Bottom
{
get
{
var ownerBottom = _owner.Margin.Bottom;
var bottom = (double)GetValue(BottomProperty);
if (ownerBottom.Equals(bottom) == false)
{
SetValue(BottomProperty, ownerBottom);
}
return ownerBottom;
}
set
{
SetValue(BottomProperty, value);
}
} public double Left
{
get
{
var ownerLeft = _owner.Margin.Left;
var left = (double)GetValue(LeftProperty);
if (ownerLeft.Equals(left) == false)
{
SetValue(LeftProperty, ownerLeft);
}
return ownerLeft;
}
set
{
SetValue(LeftProperty, value);
}
} public double Right
{
get
{
var ownerRight = _owner.Margin.Right;
var right = (double)GetValue(RightProperty);
if (ownerRight.Equals(right) == false)
{
SetValue(RightProperty, ownerRight);
}
return ownerRight;
}
set
{
SetValue(RightProperty, value);
}
} public double Top
{
get
{
var ownerTop = _owner.Margin.Top;
var top = (double)GetValue(TopProperty);
if (ownerTop.Equals(top) == false)
{
SetValue(TopProperty, ownerTop);
}
return ownerTop;
}
set
{
SetValue(TopProperty, value);
}
} private static void BottomChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var obj = (BindableMargin)d;
var value = (double)e.NewValue; var owner = obj._owner;
var margin = owner.Margin;
margin.Bottom = value;
owner.Margin = margin;
} private static void LeftChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var obj = (BindableMargin)d;
var value = (double)e.NewValue; var owner = obj._owner;
var margin = owner.Margin;
margin.Left = value;
owner.Margin = margin;
} private static void RightChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var obj = (BindableMargin)d;
var value = (double)e.NewValue; var owner = obj._owner;
var margin = owner.Margin;
margin.Right = value;
owner.Margin = margin;
} private static void TopChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var obj = (BindableMargin)d;
var value = (double)e.NewValue; var owner = obj._owner;
var margin = owner.Margin;
margin.Top = value;
owner.Margin = margin;
}
}

别看代码这么多,其实不复杂。构造函数传入需要动画的控件。然后四个方向的依赖属性,值发生改变时回写到控件上。

然后动画的例子代码:

BindableMargin margin = new BindableMargin(control);
DoubleAnimation animation = new DoubleAnimation();
animation.EnableDependentAnimation = true;
animation.From = ;
animation.To = ;
animation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds();
Storyboard.SetTarget(animation, margin);
Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animation, "Left");
await storyboard.BeginAsync();// WinRTXamlToolkit 里的扩展方法。
margin.Left = ;

另外建议在动画播放完毕后,执行一次常规的赋值操作(一般赋最终值),因为视乎机器的配置,Storyboard 会有一定程度的跳帧,在低端的机器,可能动画就完全跳过去了。

说了这么多,还是说说有啥应用吧。

【UWP】对 Thickness 类型属性进行动画

这是一个类似 IT 之家的通知控件。通过动画了 Margin 的 Right 来实现的。

Demo 下载地址:AnimateThicknessDemo.zip

当然应用还有很多,例如对 Border 的圆角进行动画。通过这么一种“桥”的方式,我们可以对很多属性,并不局限于 Thickness 类型,也进行动画,这里就留给各位看官发挥想象了。