案例:
某网络游戏中,定义了玩家类Player(id, name, status,....),每有一个在线玩家,在服务器程序内有一个Player的实例,当在线人数很多时,将产生大量实例(百万级别)
需求:
如何降低这些大量实例的内存开销?
如何做?
首先要明白,python中的类可以动态的添加属性,实则在内存中有个__dict__方法维护了这种动态添加属性,它占有内存,把它关掉,不就达到省内存要求了?
#!/usr/bin/python3 import time import sys class Player(object): def __init__(self, id, name, status): self.id = id self.name = name self.status = status if __name__ == '__main__': player_1 = Player(1, 'bei_bei', '上线') print(player_1.__dict__) print('_' * 100) # 动态装配属性 player_1.money = 10000 player_1.__dict__['time'] = time.time() print(player_1.__dict__) print(player_1.money, player_1.time) print('_' * 100) # 打印__dict__占用的内存空间 print('dict方法占用内存:', sys.getsizeof(player_1.__dict__)) print('_'*100) # 动态删除属性 print(player_1.__dict__) del player_1.__dict__['time'] del player_1.money print(player_1.__dict__)
通过__slots__属性,声明实例属性名字的列表
#!/usr/bin/python3 class Player(object): # 通过slots方法指定类的定长属性 __slots__ = ['id', 'name', 'status'] def __init__(self, id, name, status): self.id = id self.name = name self.status = status if __name__ == '__main__': player_1 = Player(1, 'bei_bei', '上线') print(player_1.id, player_1.name, player_1.status) # 尝试输出__dict__属性,发现没有,就无法动态的装配类属性,达到省内存的目的 try: print(player_1.__dict__) except Exception as e: print(e)