当普通微信用户向公众账号发消息时,微信服务器将POST消息的XML数据包到开发者填写的URL上。
请注意:
- 1、关于重试的消息排重,推荐使用msgid排重。
- 2、微信服务器在五秒内收不到响应会断掉连接,并且重新发起请求,总共重试三次。假如服务器无法保证在五秒内处理并回复,可以直接回复空串,微信服务器不会对此作任何处理,并且不会发起重试。详情请见“发送消息-被动回复消息”。
- 3、为了保证更高的安全保障,开发者可以在公众平台官网的开发者中心处设置消息加密。开启加密后,用户发来的消息会被加密,公众号被动回复用户的消息也需要加密(但开发者通过客服接口等API调用形式向用户发送消息,则不受影响)。关于消息加解密的详细说明,请见“消息加解密说明”。
各消息类型的推送XML数据包结构如下:
文本消息
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1348831860</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[text]]> </ MsgType >
< Content > <![CDATA[this is a test]]> </ Content >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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图片消息
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1348831860</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[image]]> </ MsgType >
< PicUrl > <![CDATA[this is a url]]> </ PicUrl >
< MediaId > <![CDATA[media_id]]> </ MediaId >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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语音消息
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1357290913</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[voice]]> </ MsgType >
< MediaId > <![CDATA[media_id]]> </ MediaId >
< Format > <![CDATA[Format]]> </ Format >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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请注意,开通语音识别后,用户每次发送语音给公众号时,微信会在推送的语音消息XML数据包中,增加一个Recongnition字段 (注:由于客户端缓存,开发者开启或者关闭语音识别功能,对新关注者立刻生效,对已关注用户需要24小时生效。开发者可以重新关注此帐号进行测试)。开启语音识别后的语音XML数据包如下:
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1357290913</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[voice]]> </ MsgType >
< MediaId > <![CDATA[media_id]]> </ MediaId >
< Format > <![CDATA[Format]]> </ Format >
< Recognition > <![CDATA[腾讯微信团队]]> </ Recognition >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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多出的字段中,Format为语音格式,一般为amr,Recognition为语音识别结果,使用UTF8编码。
视频消息
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1357290913</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[video]]> </ MsgType >
< MediaId > <![CDATA[media_id]]> </ MediaId >
< ThumbMediaId > <![CDATA[thumb_media_id]]> </ ThumbMediaId >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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小视频消息
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1357290913</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[shortvideo]]> </ MsgType >
< MediaId > <![CDATA[media_id]]> </ MediaId >
< ThumbMediaId > <![CDATA[thumb_media_id]]> </ ThumbMediaId >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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地理位置消息
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1351776360</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[location]]> </ MsgType >
< Location_X >23.134521</ Location_X >
< Location_Y >113.358803</ Location_Y >
< Scale >20</ Scale >
< Label > <![CDATA[位置信息]]> </ Label >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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链接消息
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< xml >
< ToUserName > <![CDATA[toUser]]> </ ToUserName >
< FromUserName > <![CDATA[fromUser]]> </ FromUserName >
< CreateTime >1351776360</ CreateTime >
< MsgType > <![CDATA[link]]> </ MsgType >
< Title > <![CDATA[公众平台官网链接]]> </ Title >
< Description > <![CDATA[公众平台官网链接]]> </ Description >
< Url > <![CDATA[url]]> </ Url >
< MsgId >1234567890123456</ MsgId >
</ xml >
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接上篇,看ResponseXML(postString);方法如下
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/// <summary>
/// 获取用户发送的消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="postString"></param>
private void ResponseXML( string postString)
{
//使用XMLDocument加载信息结构
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
xmlDoc.LoadXml(postString);
XmlElement rootElement = xmlDoc.DocumentElement; //获取文档的根
XmlNode MsgType = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "MsgType" ); //获取消息的文本类型
RequestXML requestXML = new RequestXML(); //声明实例,获取各个属性并赋值
requestXML.ToUserName = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "ToUserName" ).InnerText; //公众号
requestXML.FromUserName = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "FromUserName" ).InnerText; //用户
requestXML.CreateTime = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "CreateTime" ).InnerText; //创建时间
requestXML.MsgType = MsgType.InnerText; //消息类型
///对消息的不同类型进行赋值
if (requestXML.MsgType == "text" )
{
//赋值文本信息内容
requestXML.Content = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "Content" ).InnerText;
}
if (requestXML.MsgType.Trim() == "location" )
{
///赋值地理位置纬度,经度,地图缩放比例,地理位置说明
requestXML.Location_X = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "Location_X" ).InnerText;
requestXML.Location_Y = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "Location_Y" ).InnerText;
requestXML.Scale = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "Scale" ).InnerText;
requestXML.Label = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "Label" ).InnerText;
}
if (requestXML.MsgType.Trim().ToLower() == "event" )
{
///赋值事件名称和事件key值
requestXML.EventName = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "Event" ).InnerText;
requestXML.EventKey = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "EventKey" ).InnerText;
}
if (requestXML.MsgType.Trim().ToLower() == "voice" )
{
///赋值语音识别结果,赋值之前一定要记得在开发者模式下,把语音识别功能开启,否则获取不到
requestXML.Recognition = rootElement.SelectSingleNode( "Recognition" ).InnerText;
}
ResponseMsg(requestXML);
}
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语音识别功能开启如下:
requestXML是我单独创建的一个类,该类声明了消息中常用的属性字段,如下:
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/// <summary>
/// 接收消息的实体类
/// </summary>
public class RequestXML
{
private String toUserName = String.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// 本公众号
/// </summary>
public String ToUserName{ get ; set ;}
/// <summary>
/// 用户微信号
/// </summary>
public String FromUserName{ get ; set ;}
/// <summary>
/// 创建时间
/// </summary>
public String CreateTime{ get ; set ;}
/// <summary>
/// 信息类型
/// </summary>
public String MsgType{ get ; set ;}
/// <summary>
/// 信息内容
/// </summary>
public String Content{ get ; set ;}
/*以下为事件类型的消息特有的属性*/
/// <summary>
/// 事件名称
/// </summary>
public String EventName{ get ; set ;}
/// <summary>
/// 事件值
/// </summary>
public string EventKey { get ; set ; }
/*以下为图文类型的消息特有的属性*/
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息的个数
/// </summary>
public int ArticleCount { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息的标题
/// </summary>
public string Title { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息的简介
/// </summary>
public string Description { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息图片的链接地址
/// </summary>
public string PicUrl { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息详情链接地址
/// </summary>
public string Url { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息集合
/// </summary>
public List<RequestXML> Articles { get ; set ;}
/*以下为地理位置类型的消息特有的属性*/
/// <summary>
/// 地理位置纬度
/// </summary>
public String Location_X { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 地理位置经度
/// </summary>
public String Location_Y { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 地图缩放比例
/// </summary>
public String Scale { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 地图位置说明
/// </summary>
public String Label { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 语音消息特有字段
/// </summary>
public String Recognition { get ; set ; }
}
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继续关注 ResponseMsg(requestXML);方法如下
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private void ResponseMsg(RequestXML requestXML)
{
string MsgType = requestXML.MsgType;
try
{
//根据消息类型判断发送何种类型消息
switch (MsgType)
{
case "text" :
SendTextCase(requestXML); //发送文本消息
break ;
case "event" : //发送事件消息
if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals( "subscribe" ))
{
SendWelComeMsg(requestXML); //关注时返回的图文消息
}
else if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals( "CLICK" ))
{
SendEventMsg(requestXML); //发送事件消息
}
break ;
case "voice" :
SendVoiceMsg(requestXML); //发送语音消息
break ;
case "location" : //发送位置消息
SendMapMsg(requestXML);
break ;
default :
break ;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(ex.ToString());
}
}
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先来关注发送文本消息,SendTextCase(requestXML);//发送文本消息
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/// <summary>
/// 发送文本
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requestXML"></param>
private void SendTextCase(RequestXML requestXML)
{
string responseContent = FormatTextXML(requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName, requestXML.Content);
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml" ;
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
}
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FormatTextXML方法制定格式
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/// <summary>
/// 返回格式化的Xml格式内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p1">公众号</param>
/// <param name="p2">用户号</param>
/// <param name="p3">回复内容</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string FormatTextXML( string p1, string p2, string p3)
{
return "<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[" + p1 + "]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[" + p2 + "]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>" + DateTime.Now.Subtract( new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 8, 0, 0)).TotalSeconds.ToString() + "</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType><Content><![CDATA[" + p3 + "]]></Content><FuncFlag>1</FuncFlag></xml>" ;
}
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这样就能实现消息的应答,如果用户点击的按钮,如下代码:
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case "event" : //发送事件消息
if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals( "subscribe" ))
{
SendWelComeMsg(requestXML); //关注时返回的图文消息
}
else if (! string .IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals( "CLICK" ))
{
SendEventMsg(requestXML); //发送事件消息
}
break ;
/// <summary>
/// 发送响应事件消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requestXML"></param>
private void SendEventMsg(RequestXML requestXML)
{
string keyStr = requestXML.EventKey.ToString();
switch (keyStr)
{
case "mypay" :
SendPayDetails(requestXML); //发送薪资账单
break ;
case "tianqiyubao" :
SendWeaterMessage(requestXML); //发送天气预报
break ;
case "kaixinyixiao" :
SendKaiXinMessage(requestXML); //发送开心一笑结果集
break ;
case "updateMessage" :
SendUpdateMessage(requestXML); //发送修改信息链接
break ;
case "yuangonghuodong" :
SendYuanGongHuoDong(requestXML); //发送学生活动
break ;
case "yuangongtongzhi" :
SendYuanGongTongZhi(requestXML); //发送员工通知
break ;
case "youwenbida" :
SendWenti(requestXML); //发送员工提交问题链接
break ;
case "mywen" :
SendWentiList(requestXML); //发送问题列表链接
break ;
case "PhoneSerices" :
SendKeFuMessage(requestXML); //接入客服
break ;
default :
String responseContent = String.Empty;
responseContent = FormatTextXML(requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName, "此功能暂未开放!敬请期待!" );
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml" ;
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
break ;
}
}
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SendWelComeMsg(requestXML);//关注时返回的图文消息
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/// <summary>
/// 发送关注时的图文消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requestXML"></param>
private void SendWelComeMsg(RequestXML requestXML)
{
String responseContent = String.Empty;
string newdate = DateTime.Now.Subtract( new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 8, 0, 0)).TotalSeconds.ToString();
string PUrlfileName = "http://www.deqiaohr.com.cn/weixin/welcome.jpg" ;
responseContent = string .Format(Message_News_Main, requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName, newdate, "1" ,
string .Format(Message_News_Item, "欢迎关注德桥员工服务中心" , "苏州德桥人力资源创立于2002年..." , PUrlfileName, "http://www.deqiaohr.com.cn/weixin/WxGsjianjie.aspx" ));
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml" ;
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
}
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Message_News_Main 和Message_News_Item是图文消息格式化
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/// <summary>
/// 返回图文消息主体
/// </summary>
public static string Message_News_Main
{
get
{
return @"<xml>
<ToUserName><![CDATA[{0}]]></ToUserName>
<FromUserName><![CDATA[{1}]]></FromUserName>
<CreateTime>{2}</CreateTime>
<MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>
<ArticleCount>{3}</ArticleCount>
<Articles>
{4}
</Articles>
</xml> " ;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 返回图文消息项
/// </summary>
public static string Message_News_Item
{
get
{
return @"<item>
<Title><![CDATA[{0}]]></Title>
<Description><![CDATA[{1}]]></Description>
<PicUrl><![CDATA[{2}]]></PicUrl>
<Url><![CDATA[{3}]]></Url>
</item>" ;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送响应语音识别结果
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requestXML"></param>
private void SendVoiceMsg(RequestXML requestXML)
{
string responseContent = FormatTextXML(requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName, "您刚才说的语音消息识别结果为:" + requestXML.Recognition.ToString());
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml" ;
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
}<br>
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以上就是关于asp.net微信开发的第二篇,针对消息应答进行学习,之后会有更新更多关于asp.net微信开发的文章,希望大家持续关注。