1 工具与环境
借助Eclipse4.3 + Maven3.0.3构建Java Web应用程序。使用Maven内置的servlet 容器jetty,不需手工集成Web服务器到Eclipse。还帮我们自动创建Java EE规范定义的Java Web应用程序的有效目录结构,如:WEB-INF/classes目录等,方便省心。当然Maven还有其他优秀的功能,这里不会详细介绍。pom.xml的内容可见第6小节。
接下来将介绍如果使用Spring MVC开发简单的Web应用程序,就从创建配置文件开始。
2 创建配置文件
2.1 配置前端控制器DispatchServlet
在web.xml中,定义一个类型为DispatcherServlet的Servlet。这是Spring MVC的核心Servlet类,它负责接受Web请求,并将它们分发到相应的处理程序中去。代码如下:
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <!-- 初始化参数 :确定spring-servlet。xml文件路径 -->
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <!-- 拦截所有以 /mvc/开始的请求 -->
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/mvc/*</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
2.2 配置spring-servlet.xml文件路径
Spring-servlet.xml是一个标准的Spring Bean配置文件,内容如上一节。
3 创建Spring MVC控制器
Controller接口是Spring MVC中所有控制器类的基本接口。通过实现这个接口,你可以创建自己的控制器。代码如下:
- package org.mahz.springmvc;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
- public class IndexAction implements Controller {
- private String username;
- private String viewPage;
- @Override
- public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- Map<String, String> model = new HashMap<String, String>();
- model.put("username", getUsername());
- return new ModelAndView(getViewPage(), model);
- }
- public String getUsername() {
- return username;
- }
- public void setUsername(String username) {
- this.username = username;
- }
- public String getViewPage() {
- return viewPage;
- }
- public void setViewPage(String viewPage) {
- this.viewPage = viewPage;
- }
- }
在handleRequest()方法中,可以随意地处理Web请求,就像在Servlet中一样。最后必须返回一个ModelAndView对象,其中包含视图名称或者视图对象,以及一些模型属性。
创建好控制器类后,必须在Web应用程序上下文中声明它的实例。由于这是表现层组件,所以应该在spring-servlet.xml中声明它。代码如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
- <beans>
- <!-- 定义映射 -->
- <bean id="urlMapping"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
- <property name="mappings">
- <props>
- <prop key="index">indexAction</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义视图 -->
- <bean id="viewResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="viewClass">
- <value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义控制器 -->
- <bean id="indexAction" class="org.mahz.springmvc.IndexAction">
- <property name="username">
- <value>刘平</value>
- </property>
- <property name="viewPage">
- <value>/index.jsp</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
4 创建JSP视图
在webapp目录下创建index.jsp文件,内容如下:
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <% String str = (String)request.getAttribute("username"); %>
- <body>
- <H1><%=str%>,欢迎你!</H1>
- </body>
- </html>
5 部署Web应用程序
在Maven使用jetty:run部署Web应用程序。
在浏览器中输入链接:http://localhost:8080/springmvc/mvc/index
6 pom.xml
pom.xml文件中,包括项目的基本系统、Spring MVC所需要的依赖信息、项目的编译插件和jetty插件信息。内容如下:
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>org.huazhen</groupId>
- <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
- <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <packaging>war</packaging>
- <name>springmvc</name>
- <!-- 属性配置 -->
- <properties>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
- <spring.version>2.5.6</spring.version>
- </properties>
- <!-- 依赖配置 -->
- <dependencies>
- <!-- servlet -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
- <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
- <version>2.5</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- junit -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>junit</groupId>
- <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
- <version>${junit.version}</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <!-- Freemarker -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
- <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.18</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- spring -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
- <version>1.1.1</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <build>
- <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
- <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.1</version>
- <configuration>
- <source>1.6</source>
- <target>1.6</target>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
- <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>6.1.26</version>
- <configuration>
- <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
- <stopKey>foo</stopKey>
- <stopPort>9999</stopPort>
- </configuration>
- <executions>
- <execution>
- <id>start-jetty</id>
- <phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
- <goals>
- <goal>run</goal>
- </goals>
- <configuration>
- <scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>
- <daemon>true</daemon>
- </configuration>
- </execution>
- <execution>
- <id>stop-jetty</id>
- <phase>post-integration-test</phase>
- <goals>
- <goal>stop</goal>
- </goals>
- </execution>
- </executions>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
- </project>