[深入浅出Cocoa]iOS网络编程之NSStream
罗朝辉 (http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/)
一,NSStream简介
- Cocoa层:NSURL,Bonjour,Game Kit,WebKit
- Core Foundation层:基于 C 的 CFNetwork 和 CFNetServices
- OS层:基于 C 的 BSD socket
二,NSStream 类接口简介
NSStream 类有如下接口:
- (void)open;
- (void)close;
- (id <NSStreamDelegate>)delegate;
- (void)setDelegate:(id <NSStreamDelegate>)delegate;
- (void)scheduleInRunLoop:(NSRunLoop *)aRunLoop forMode:(NSString *)mode;
- (void)removeFromRunLoop:(NSRunLoop *)aRunLoop forMode:(NSString *)mode;
- (NSStreamStatus)streamStatus;
- (NSError *)streamError;
NSStream 的一些接口与 CFNetwork 类似,如打开,关闭,获取状态和错误信息,以及和 runloop 结合等在这里就不再重复了。前面提到 NSStream 是通过 NSStreamDelegate 来实现 CFNetwork 中的回调函数,这个可选的协议只有一个接口:
- (void)stream:(NSStream *)aStream handleEvent:(NSStreamEvent)eventCode;
NSStreamEvent 是一个流事件枚举:
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSStreamEvent) {
NSStreamEventNone = 0,
NSStreamEventOpenCompleted = 1UL << 0,
NSStreamEventHasBytesAvailable = 1UL << 1,
NSStreamEventHasSpaceAvailable = 1UL << 2,
NSStreamEventErrorOccurred = 1UL << 3,
NSStreamEventEndEncountered = 1UL << 4
};
这些事件枚举的含义也和 CFNetwork 中的 CFStreamEventType 类似,在此也就不再重复了。
NSInputStream 类有如下接口:
- (NSInteger)read:(uint8_t *)buffer maxLength:(NSUInteger)len;
从流中读取数据到 buffer 中,buffer 的长度不应少于 len,该接口返回实际读取的数据长度(该长度最大为 len)。
- (BOOL)getBuffer:(uint8_t **)buffer length:(NSUInteger *)len;
获取当前流中的数据以及大小,注意 buffer 只在下一个流操作之前有效。
- (BOOL)hasBytesAvailable;
检查流中是否还有数据。
NSOutputStream 类有如下接口:
- (NSInteger)write:(const uint8_t *)buffer maxLength:(NSUInteger)len;
将 buffer 中的数据写入流中,返回实际写入的字节数。
- (BOOL)hasSpaceAvailable;
检查流中是否还有可供写入的空间。
从这些接口可以看出,NSStream 真的就是 CFNetwork 上的一层简单的 Objective-C 封装。但 iOS 中的 NSStream 不支持 NShost,这是一个缺陷,苹果也意识到这问题了(http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#qa/qa1652/_index.html),我们可以通过 NSStream 的扩展函数来实现该功能:
@implementation NSStream(StreamsToHost)
+ (void)getStreamsToHostNamed:(NSString *)hostName
port:(NSInteger)port
inputStream:(out NSInputStream **)inputStreamPtr
outputStream:(out NSOutputStream **)outputStreamPtr
{
CFReadStreamRef readStream;
CFWriteStreamRef writeStream;
assert(hostName != nil);
assert( (port > 0) && (port < 65536) );
assert( (inputStreamPtr != NULL) || (outputStreamPtr != NULL) );
readStream = NULL;
writeStream = NULL;
CFStreamCreatePairWithSocketToHost(
NULL,
(__bridge CFStringRef) hostName,
port,
((inputStreamPtr != NULL) ? &readStream : NULL),
((outputStreamPtr != NULL) ? &writeStream : NULL)
);
if (inputStreamPtr != NULL) {
*inputStreamPtr = CFBridgingRelease(readStream);
}
if (outputStreamPtr != NULL) {
*outputStreamPtr = CFBridgingRelease(writeStream);
}
}
@end
三,客户端示例代码
与前面的示例类似,在这里我只演示客户端示例。同样,我们也在一个后台线程中启动网络操作:
NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@", serverHost, serverPort]];
NSThread * backgroundThread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self
selector:@selector(loadDataFromServerWithURL:)
object:url];
[backgroundThread start];
然后在 loadDataFromServerWithURL 中创建 NSInputStream,并设置其 delegate,将其加入到 run-loop 的事件源中,然后打开流,运行 runloop:
- (void)loadDataFromServerWithURL:(NSURL *)url
{
NSInputStream * readStream;
[NSStream getStreamsToHostNamed:[url host]
port:[[url port] integerValue]
inputStream:&readStream
outputStream:NULL];
[readStream setDelegate:self];
[readStream scheduleInRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
[readStream open];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
}
因为我们将 KSNSStreamViewController 当作 NSInputStream 的 delegate,因此要在 KSNSStreamViewController 中实现该 delgate:
#pragma mark NSStreamDelegate
- (void)stream:(NSStream *)stream handleEvent:(NSStreamEvent)eventCode
{
NSLog(@" >> NSStreamDelegate in Thread %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
switch (eventCode) {
case NSStreamEventHasBytesAvailable: {
if (_receivedData == nil) {
_receivedData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
}
uint8_t buf[kBufferSize];
int numBytesRead = [(NSInputStream *)stream read:buf maxLength:kBufferSize];
if (numBytesRead > 0) {
[self didReceiveData:[NSData dataWithBytes:buf length:numBytesRead]];
} else if (numBytesRead == 0) {
NSLog(@" >> End of stream reached");
} else {
NSLog(@" >> Read error occurred");
}
break;
}
case NSStreamEventErrorOccurred: {
NSError * error = [stream streamError];
NSString * errorInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Failed while reading stream; error '%@' (code %d)", error.localizedDescription, error.code];
[self cleanUpStream:stream];
[self networkFailedWithErrorMessage:errorInfo];
}
case NSStreamEventEndEncountered: {
[self cleanUpStream:stream];
[self didFinishReceivingData];
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
当数据读取完毕或者读取失败时,调用 cleanUpStream 方法来关闭流:
- (void)cleanUpStream:(NSStream *)stream
{
[stream removeFromRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
[stream close];
stream = nil;
}
四,结语
通过上面的示例演示,我们可以看到 NSStream 只是用 Objective-C 对 CFNetwork 的一层简单封装,但确实大大方便了我们使用 socket 进行编程,因此在大多数情况下,我们都应该优先使用 NSStream 进行 socket 编程。