在Udacity上课时学到了python的turtle方法,这是一个很经典的用来教小孩儿编程的图形模块,最早起源于logo语言。python本身内置了这个模块,其可视化的方法可以帮助小孩儿对编程的一些基本理念有所理解。
在作业提交的论坛里看到很多turtle画出来的精美图形,想不出什么要画的东西,于是决定拿五星红旗来练练手。
前期准备
五星红旗绘制参数
Turtle官方文档
turtle的基本操作
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# 初始化屏幕
window = turtle.Screen()
# 新建turtle对象实例
import turtle
aTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
# 海龟设置
aTurtle.hideturtle() # 隐藏箭头
aTurtle.speed( 10 ) # 设置速度
# 前进后退,左转右转
aTurtle.fd( 100 ) # 前进100像素
aTurtle.right( 90 ) # 右转90°
aTurtle.back( 100 )
aTurtle.left( 90 )
# 填充颜色
aTurtle.begin_fill()
aTurtle.fillcolor( 'yellow' )
DoSomethinghere()
aTurtle.end_fill()
# 抬起笔和放下笔,这样进行的操作不会留下痕迹
aTurtle.penup()
aTurtle.goto(start_pos)
aTurtle.fd(radius)
aTurtle.pendown()
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绘制五星红旗代码
github地址:https://gist.github.com/dc11287081ee67075da8
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 –*-
''' 对于turtle类的一些封装方法,包括画正多边形,正多角形和五星红旗。'''
__author__ = 'Hu Wenchao'
import turtle
import math
def draw_polygon(aTurtle, size = 50 , n = 3 ):
''' 绘制正多边形
args:
aTurtle: turtle对象实例
size: int类型,正多边形的边长
n: int类型,是几边形
'''
for i in xrange (n):
aTurtle.forward(size)
aTurtle.left( 360.0 / n)
def draw_n_angle(aTurtle, size = 50 , num = 5 , color = None ):
''' 绘制正n角形,默认为黄色
args:
aTurtle: turtle对象实例
size: int类型,正多角形的边长
n: int类型,是几角形
color: str, 图形颜色,默认不填色
'''
if color:
aTurtle.begin_fill()
aTurtle.fillcolor(color)
for i in xrange (num):
aTurtle.forward(size)
aTurtle.left( 360.0 / num)
aTurtle.forward(size)
aTurtle.right( 2 * 360.0 / num)
if color:
aTurtle.end_fill()
def draw_5_angle(aTurtle = None , start_pos = ( 0 , 0 ), end_pos = ( 0 , 10 ), radius = 100 , color = None ):
''' 根据起始位置、结束位置和外接圆半径画五角星
args:
aTurtle: turtle对象实例
start_pos: int的二元tuple,要画的五角星的外接圆圆心
end_pos: int的二元tuple,圆心指向的位置坐标点
radius: 五角星外接圆半径
color: str, 图形颜色,默认不填色
'''
aTurtle = aTurtle or turtle.Turtle()
size = radius * math.sin(math.pi / 5 ) / math.sin(math.pi * 2 / 5 )
aTurtle.left(math.degrees(math.atan2(end_pos[ 1 ] - start_pos[ 1 ], end_pos[ 0 ] - start_pos[ 0 ])))
aTurtle.penup()
aTurtle.goto(start_pos)
aTurtle.fd(radius)
aTurtle.pendown()
aTurtle.right(math.degrees(math.pi * 9 / 10 ))
draw_n_angle(aTurtle, size, 5 , color)
def draw_5_star_flag(times = 20.0 ):
''' 绘制五星红旗
args:
times: 五星红旗的规格为30*20, times为倍数,默认大小为10倍, 即300*200
'''
width, height = 30 * times, 20 * times
# 初始化屏幕和海龟
window = turtle.Screen()
aTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
aTurtle.hideturtle()
aTurtle.speed( 10 )
# 画红旗
aTurtle.penup()
aTurtle.goto( - width / 2 , height / 2 )
aTurtle.pendown()
aTurtle.begin_fill()
aTurtle.fillcolor( 'red' )
aTurtle.fd(width)
aTurtle.right( 90 )
aTurtle.fd(height)
aTurtle.right( 90 )
aTurtle.fd(width)
aTurtle.right( 90 )
aTurtle.fd(height)
aTurtle.right( 90 )
aTurtle.end_fill()
# 画大星星
draw_5_angle(aTurtle, start_pos = ( - 10 * times, 5 * times), end_pos = ( - 10 * times, 8 * times), radius = 3 * times, color = 'yellow' )
# 画四个小星星
stars_start_pos = [( - 5 , 8 ), ( - 3 , 6 ), ( - 3 , 3 ), ( - 5 , 1 )]
for pos in stars_start_pos:
draw_5_angle(aTurtle, start_pos = (pos[ 0 ] * times, pos[ 1 ] * times), end_pos = ( - 10 * times, 5 * times), radius = 1 * times, color = 'yellow' )
# 点击关闭窗口
window.exitonclick()
if __name__ = = '__main__' :
draw_5_star_flag()
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结果:
总结
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