前言
nginx作为web服务器一个重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块,默认自带proxy_pass指令,只需要修改配置文件就可以实现反向代理。
而在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置可以参考这篇文章)。
下面举个小实例说明下:
centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库
1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库,安装Nginx的库
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[root@localhost ~] # rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
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2)使用下面命令安装nginx
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[root@localhost ~] # yum install nginx
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3)nginx配置
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[root@localhost ~] # cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of test !!!!
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4)启动Nginx
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[root@localhost ~] # service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
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5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)
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[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test !!!!
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看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试
为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:
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[root@bastion-IDC ~] # cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):
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[root@bastion-IDC ~] # curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5
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192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:
1)第一种情况:
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
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这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面
注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带"/"),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
< head ><title>301 Moved Permanently< /title >< /head >
<body bgcolor= "white" >
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently< /h1 >< /center >
<hr><center>nginx /1 .10.3< /center >
< /body >
< /html >
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页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上"/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果
2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
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那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,都会失败!
这样配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3)第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha/ ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html
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这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
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上面配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html
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[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
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注意,这种情况下,不能直接访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上,否则访问失败!
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上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加"/",下面说下path路径后面不带"/"的情况:
1)第一种情况,proxy_pass后面url带"/":
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
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2)第二种情况,proxy_pass后面url不带"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] #
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这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3)第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha/ ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
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这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
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这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三种结果一样,同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6566119.html