使用冒号作为分隔符的全局/路径名扩展

How can I convert a string containing glob characters such as

如何转换包含全局字符的字符串，如

/var/lib/gems/*/bin

into a colon-separated string of filenames (i.e. PATH compatible) matching the pattern?

到一个冒号分隔的文件名字符串（即PATH兼容）匹配模式？

i.e. echo /var/lib/gems/*/bin will return

即echo / var / lib / gems / * / bin将返回

/var/lib/gems/1.8/bin /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/bin

I want

我想要

/var/lib/gems/1.8/bin:/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/bin

instead.

代替。

The obvious approach is simply to replace the space character with ':' via tr, but that doesn't work if the filename itself contains the space character.

显而易见的方法是简单地用'：'通过tr替换空格字符，但如果文件名本身包含空格字符则不起作用。

6 个解决方案

#1

Actually, I thought of a better solution: use a shell function.

实际上，我想到了一个更好的解决方案：使用shell函数。

function join() {
    local IFS=$1
    shift
    echo "$*"
}

mystring=$(join ':' /var/lib/gems/*/bin)

#2

This should do it for you:

这应该为你做：

dirs=(/var/lib/gems/*/bin)    # put filenames (dirnames) in an array
saveIFS=$IFS IFS=':'          # set the Internal Field Separator to the desired delimiter
dirs=("${dirs[*]}")           # convert the array to a scalar with the new delimiter
IFS=$saveIFS                  # restore IFS

#3

PATH="$(printf "%s:" /usr/*/bin)"
PATH="${PATH%:}"

#4

printf "%s\n" /var/lib/gems/*/bin | tr "\n" ":"

#5

It's pretty trivial if you drop into Perl:

如果你进入Perl，这是非常微不足道的：

perl -e 'print join ":", @ARGV' /var/lib/gems/*/bin

Or Python:

或者Python：

python -c 'import sys; print ":".join(sys.argv[1:])' /var/lib/gems/*/bin

Or any number of other popular scripting languages.

或者任何其他流行的脚本语言。

#6

Another oneliner: printf "%s\n" /var/lib/gems/*/bin | paste -s -d':'

另一个oneliner：printf“％s \ n”/ var / lib / gems / * / bin |粘贴-s -d'：'

But @timo's answer is better in my opinion.

但在我看来，@ timo的回答更好。

#1