在C++中加载和卸载DLL是一件很容易的事,LoadLibrary和FreeLibrary让你能够轻易的在程序中加载DLL,然后在任何地方卸载。在C#中我们也能使用Assembly.LoadFile实现动态加载DLL,但是当你试图卸载时,你会很惊讶的发现Assembly没有提供任何卸载的方法。这是由于托管代码的自动垃圾回收机制会做这件事情,所以C#不提供释放资源的函数,一切由垃圾回收来做。
当AppDomain被卸载的时候,在该环境中的所有资源也将被回收。关于AppDomain的详细资料参考MSDN。下面是使用AppDomain实现动态卸载DLL的代码,
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Reflection;
namespace UnloadDll
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string callingDomainName = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName;//Thread.GetDomain().FriendlyName;
Console.WriteLine(callingDomainName);
AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("DLL Unload test");
ProxyObject obj = (ProxyObject)ad.CreateInstanceFromAndUnwrap(@"UnloadDll.exe", "UnloadDll.ProxyObject");
obj.LoadAssembly();
obj.Invoke("TestDll.Class1", "Test", "It's a test");
AppDomain.Unload(ad);
obj = null;
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
class ProxyObject : MarshalByRefObject
{
Assembly assembly = null;
public void LoadAssembly()
{
assembly = Assembly.LoadFile(@"TestDLL.dll");
}
public bool Invoke(string fullClassName, string methodName, params Object[] args)
{
if(assembly == null)
return false;
Type tp = assembly.GetType(fullClassName);
if (tp == null)
return false;
MethodInfo method = tp.GetMethod(methodName);
if (method == null)
return false;
Object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(tp);
method.Invoke(obj, args);
return true;
}
}
}
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Reflection;
namespace UnloadDll
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string callingDomainName = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName;//Thread.GetDomain().FriendlyName;
Console.WriteLine(callingDomainName);
AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("DLL Unload test");
ProxyObject obj = (ProxyObject)ad.CreateInstanceFromAndUnwrap(@"UnloadDll.exe", "UnloadDll.ProxyObject");
obj.LoadAssembly();
obj.Invoke("TestDll.Class1", "Test", "It's a test");
AppDomain.Unload(ad);
obj = null;
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
class ProxyObject : MarshalByRefObject
{
Assembly assembly = null;
public void LoadAssembly()
{
assembly = Assembly.LoadFile(@"TestDLL.dll");
}
public bool Invoke(string fullClassName, string methodName, params Object[] args)
{
if(assembly == null)
return false;
Type tp = assembly.GetType(fullClassName);
if (tp == null)
return false;
MethodInfo method = tp.GetMethod(methodName);
if (method == null)
return false;
Object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(tp);
method.Invoke(obj, args);
return true;
}
}
}
注意:
1. 要想让一个对象能够穿过AppDomain边界,必须要继承MarshalByRefObject类,否则无法被其他AppDomain使用。
2. 每个线程都有一个默认的AppDomain,可以通过Thread.GetDomain()来得到