C#自动识别文件编码

时间:2022-05-27 02:49:26

以下代码源自:

/// <summary>
/// 用于取得一个文本文件的编码方式(Encoding)。
/// </summary>
public class TxtFileEncoder
{
public TxtFileEncoder()
{
//
// TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
//
}
/// <summary>
/// 取得一个文本文件的编码方式。如果无法在文件头部找到有效的前导符,Encoding.Default将被返回。
/// </summary>
/// <param>文件名。</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName)
{
return GetEncoding(fileName, Encoding.Default);
}
/// <summary>
/// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。
/// </summary>
/// <param>文本文件流。</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream)
{
return GetEncoding(stream, Encoding.Default);
}
/// <summary>
/// 取得一个文本文件的编码方式。
/// </summary>
/// <param>文件名。</param>
/// <param>默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName, Encoding defaultEncoding)
{
FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open);
Encoding targetEncoding = GetEncoding(fs, defaultEncoding);
fs.Close();
return targetEncoding;
}
/// <summary>
/// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。
/// </summary>
/// <param>文本文件流。</param>
/// <param>默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream, Encoding defaultEncoding)
{
Encoding targetEncoding = defaultEncoding;
if (stream != null && stream.Length >= 2)
{
//保存文件流的前4个字节
byte byte1 = 0;
byte byte2 = 0;
byte byte3 = 0;
byte byte4 = 0;
//保存当前Seek位置
long origPos = stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

int nByte = stream.ReadByte();
byte1 = Convert.ToByte(nByte);
byte2 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
if (stream.Length >= 3)
{
byte3 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
}
if (stream.Length >= 4)
{
byte4 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
}
//根据文件流的前4个字节判断Encoding
//Unicode {0xFF, 0xFE};
//BE-Unicode {0xFE, 0xFF};
//UTF8 = {0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF};
if (byte1 == 0xFE && byte2 == 0xFF)//UnicodeBe
{
targetEncoding = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
}
if (byte1 == 0xFF && byte2 == 0xFE && byte3 != 0xFF)//Unicode
{
targetEncoding = Encoding.Unicode;
}
if (byte1 == 0xEF && byte2 == 0xBB && byte3 == 0xBF)//UTF8
{
targetEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
}
//恢复Seek位置
stream.Seek(origPos, SeekOrigin.Begin);
}
return targetEncoding;
}

// 新增加一个方法,解决了不带BOM的 UTF8 编码问题

/// <summary>
/// 通过给定的文件流,判断文件的编码类型
/// </summary>
/// <param>文件流</param>
/// <returns>文件的编码类型</returns>
public static System.Text.Encoding GetEncoding(Stream fs)
{
byte[] Unicode = new byte[] { 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x41 };
byte[] UnicodeBIG = new byte[] { 0xFE, 0xFF, 0x00 };
byte[] UTF8 = new byte[] { 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF }; //带BOM
Encoding reVal = Encoding.Default;

BinaryReader r = new BinaryReader(fs, System.Text.Encoding.Default);
byte[] ss = r.ReadBytes(4);
if (ss[0] == 0xFE && ss[1] == 0xFF && ss[2] == 0x00)
{
reVal = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
}
else if (ss[0] == 0xFF && ss[1] == 0xFE && ss[2] == 0x41)
{
reVal = Encoding.Unicode;
}
else
{
if (ss[0] == 0xEF && ss[1] == 0xBB && ss[2] == 0xBF)
{
reVal = Encoding.UTF8;
}
else
{
int i;
int.TryParse(fs.Length.ToString(), out i);
ss = r.ReadBytes(i);

if (IsUTF8Bytes(ss))
reVal = Encoding.UTF8;
}
}
r.Close();
return reVal;

}

/// <summary>
/// 判断是否是不带 BOM 的 UTF8 格式
/// </summary>
/// <param></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool IsUTF8Bytes(byte[] data)
{
int charByteCounter = 1;  //计算当前正分析的字符应还有的字节数
byte curByte; //当前分析的字节.
for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
{
curByte = data[i];
if (charByteCounter == 1)
{
if (curByte >= 0x80)
{
//判断当前
while (((curByte <<= 1) & 0x80) != 0)
{
charByteCounter++;
}
//标记位首位若为非0 则至少以2个1开始 如:110XXXXX...........1111110X 
if (charByteCounter == 1 || charByteCounter > 6)
{
return false;
}
}
}
else
{
//若是UTF-8 此时第一位必须为1
if ((curByte & 0xC0) != 0x80)
{
return false;
}
charByteCounter--;
}
}
if (charByteCounter > 1)
{
throw new Exception("非预期的byte格式!");
}
return true;
}
}