Javascript 基础知识一

时间:2022-08-22 17:20:52

js中使用Typeof能得到哪些基本类型

考点:js变量类型

typeof运算符把类型信息当作字符串返回。typeof返回值有六种可能: "number," "string," "boolean," "object," "function,""undefined."

我们可以使用typeof来获取一个变量是否存在,如if(typeof a!="undefined"){},而不要去使用if(a)因为如果a不存在(未声明)则会出错

对于Array,Null等特殊对象使用typeof一律返回object,这正是typeof的局限性

typeof只能区分值类型的(number,string,undefined,boolean),不能区分引用类型的(数组,对象)

if(document.mylist.length !=undefined) {} 这个用法有误.

正确的是 if( typeof(document.mylist.length) !=undefined) {}

if( !isNaN(document.mylist.length) ) {}

typeof的运算数未定义,返回的就是 “undefined.

运算数为数字 typeof(x) =number

字符串 typeof(x) =string

布尔值 typeof(x) =boolean

对象,数组和null typeof(x) =object

函数 typeof(x) =function

 

// Numbers

typeof 37 === 'number';

typeof 3.14 === 'number';

typeof(42) === 'number';

typeof Math.LN2 === 'number';

typeof Infinity === 'number';

typeof NaN === 'number';    // Despite being "Not-A-Number"

typeof Number(1) === 'number';   // but never use this form!

 

// Strings

typeof "" === 'string';

typeof "bla" === 'string';

typeof (typeof 1) === 'string'; // typeof always returns a string

typeof String("abc") === 'string'; // but never use this form!

 

// Booleans

typeof true === 'boolean';

typeof false === 'boolean';

typeof Boolean(true) === 'boolean'; // but never use this form!

 

// Undefinedtypeof undefined === 'undefined';typeof declaredButUndefinedVariable === 'undefined';typeof undeclaredVariable === 'undefined';

 

// Objects

typeof {a:1} === 'object';

// use Array.isArray or Object.prototype.toString.call

// to differentiate regular objects from arrays

typeof [1, 2, 4] === 'object';

typeof new Date() === 'object';

 

// The following is confusing. Don't use!

typeof new Boolean(true) === 'object';

typeof new Number(1) === 'object';

typeof new String("abc") === 'object';

 

// Functions

typeof function(){} === 'function';

typeof class C {} === 'function';

typeof Math.sin === 'function';

 

如果我们希望获取一个对象是否是数组,或判断某个变量是否是某个对象的实例则要选择使用instanceofinstanceof用于判断一个变量是否某个对象的实例,如var a=new Array();alert(a instanceof Array);会返回true,同时alert(a instanceof Object)也会返回true;这是因为Arrayobject的子类。再如:function test(){};var a=new test();alert(a instanceof test)会返回true