Android系统集成了一个轻量级的数据库:SQlite。SQlite不像Oracle、MySQl数据库那样需要安装、启动服务器进程,SQLite数据库只是一个文件
实例1:向数据库里插入数据
主界面:
由两个输入框和一个按钮,以及一个ListView组成
在输入框输入数据,点击按钮发送,数据会送到SQLite中并且在ListView中显示出来
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/title"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:lines="2"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/ok"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="发送"
/>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/show"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
/>
</LinearLayout>
ListView用的样式Line.xml界面:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/my_title"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:width="120dp"
/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/my_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>
Java代码:
public class MainActivity extends Activity{
SQLiteDatabase db;
Button bn = null;
ListView listView;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//创建或打开数据库
db = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(
this.getFilesDir().toString() + "/my.db3", null);
listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.show);
bn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ok);
bn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String title = ((EditText)findViewById(R.id.title)).getText().toString();
String content = ((EditText)findViewById(R.id.content)).getText().toString();
try {
insertData(db, title, content);
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from news_inf", null);
inflateList(cursor);
}catch (SQLiteException se){
db.execSQL("create table news_inf(_id integer"
+ " primary key autoincrement,"
+ " news_title varchar(50),"
+ " news_content varchar(255))");
insertData(db, title,content);
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from news_inf"
, null);
inflateList(cursor);
}
}
});
}
private void insertData(SQLiteDatabase db, String title, String content){
//执行插入语句
db.execSQL("insert into news_inf values(null , ? , ?)",
new String[] {title, content });
}
private void inflateList(Cursor cursor){
//填充SimpleCursorAdapter
SimpleCursorAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(
MainActivity.this,
R.layout.line, cursor,
new String[] { "news_title", "news_content" }
, new int[] {R.id.my_title, R.id.my_content},
CursorAdapter.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
public void onDestroy(){
super.onDestroy();
//退出程序时关闭SQLiteDatabase
if (db != null && db.isOpen()){
db.close();
}
}
}
上一个例子中在判断底层数据库是否包含newsinf数据表时使用了try,catch
也就是先尝试插入记录如果根据抛出异常,就创建news_inf数据表,再插入记录.
这样的方式其实有些繁琐,使用Android提供的SQliteOpenHelper能够处理这个问题
实例2:英语单词本
先创建SQLiteOpenHelper的子类,代码如下:
public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
final String CREATE_TABLE_SQL =
"create table dict(_id integer primary " +
"key autoincrement , word , detail)";
public MyDatabaseHelper(Context context, String name, int version){
super(context, name, null, version);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
//第一次使用数据库时自动建表
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_SQL);
} @Override
//用于更新数据库时,打印一条提示的消息
// oldversion与newVersion为数据库的旧版本与新版本
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
System.out.println("--------onUpdate Called--------"
+ oldVersion + "--->" + newVersion);
}
}
可以看到这个类继承了SQLiteOpenHelper并且重写了onCreate方法,当程序第一次启动时
系统就会调用onCreate方法来初始化底层数据
如果这个类的实例传入的数据的数据库版本号高于已有的版本号,
则系统会自动调用onUpgrade方法来更新数据库。
然后来看实例的程序,主界面如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/word"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/detail"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/insert"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/insert"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/key"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/search"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/search"/>
</LinearLayout>
主界面前两个输入框用来输入英文与相应的翻译,输入后点击insert按钮就将单词录入数据库
第三个输入框输入想要查询的英文,然后点击search按钮进行查询
MainActivity代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;
Button insert = null;
Button search = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//创建MyDatabaseHelper对象,指定数据库版本为1
dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(this, "myDict.db3", 1);
insert = (Button) findViewById(R.id.insert);
search = (Button) findViewById(R.id.search);
insert.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String word = ((EditText)findViewById(R.id.word)).getText().toString();
String detail = ((EditText)findViewById(R.id.detail)).getText().toString();
//插入生词记录
insertData(dbHelper.getReadableDatabase(), word, detail);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "添加生词成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
search.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//获取用户输入
String key = ((EditText)findViewById(R.id.key)).getText().toString();
//执行查询
Cursor cursor = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery(
"select * from dict where word like ? or detail like ?",
new String[] {"%" + key + "%", "%" + key + "%"});
//创建一个Bundle对象
Bundle data = new Bundle();
data.putSerializable("data", converCursorTolist(cursor));
//创建一个Intent
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ResultActivity.class);
intent.putExtras(data);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
protected ArrayList<Map<String, String>>
converCursorTolist(Cursor cursor){
ArrayList<Map<String, String>> result = new ArrayList<Map<String,String>>();
//遍历Cursor结果集
while (cursor.moveToNext())
{
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("word", cursor.getString(1));
map.put("detail", cursor.getString(2));
result .add(map);
}
return result;
}
private void insertData(SQLiteDatabase db, String word, String detail) {
//执行插入语句
db.execSQL("insert into dict values(null , ? , ?)"
, new String[]{word, detail });
} public void onDestroy(){
//退出程序时关闭数据库
super.onDestroy();
if (dbHelper != null){
dbHelper.close();
}
}
}
这个程序点击查询按钮时会跳转到ResultActivity,代码如下:
public class ResultActivity extends Activity {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.popup);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.show);
Intent intent = getIntent();
//获取intent所携带的数据
Bundle data = intent.getExtras();
List<Map<String, String>> list = (List<Map<String, String>>)data.getSerializable("data");
//将List封装成SimpleAdapter
SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(ResultActivity.this
, list,
R.layout.line, new String[]{ "word", "detail" }
, new int[] {R.id.word, R.id.detail});
//填充ListView
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}