觉得微博手动点赞太过麻烦？
其实自动点赞的实现并不困难！
本篇会有Cookie、session和token方面的知识，不太了解的可以先看下
web前端cookie session及token会话机制详解
我们先通过前两个小节大概了解一下我们Python登录微博的原理，然后第三小节就会跟大家介绍微博自动点赞的代码。
一、实现登陆微博功能
首先进入微博页面后按F12打开开发者工具，将如图的按钮点击后，在浏览器中手动登陆一次，在Network 标签的XHR类型中找到Login请求标签，在Form data下我们可以看到username(用户名)和password(密码)，并知道了请求方式是POST，请求的参数有很多我们直接照搬就是。
网页截图
这时，可能学过一些爬虫的同学便会直接上手写出如上雷同的代码，但发现出不来结果
会报错的代码
import requests
headers = {
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36"
}
login_data = {
"username": "你的用户名",
"password": "你的密码",
"savestate": "1",
"r": "https://m.weibo.cn/?jumpfrom=weibocom",
"ec": "0",
"pagerefer": "https://m.weibo.cn/login?backURL=https%253A%252F%252Fm.weibo.cn%252F%253Fjumpfrom%253Dweibocom",
"entry": "mweibo",
"wentry": "",
"loginfrom": "",
"client_id": "",
"code": "",
"qq": "",
"mainpageflag": "1",
"hff": "",
"hfp": "",
}
login_req = requests.post("https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login", data=login_data, headers=headers)
print(login_req.status_code)
这是因为有些网站并不只是按照"user-agent"判断用户的正常访问的。那我们还需点开Request Headers（请求头）检查可能还有什么字段会用来判断用户正常访问
一般 referer（请求来源页面）、origin（谁发起的请求）、host（主机名及端口号） 字段也常被用于反爬虫，当我们的爬虫无法正常获取数据时，我们可以将请求头里的这些字段照搬进去试试。经过验证，微博网页是以referer 来判断是否是用户正常访问。最后我们还可以把Cookie放进代码里，这样就不用在代码里输入账号密码了。
要注意Cookie并不是永久有效的，若发现自动登录失败，可以重新上网页把新的Cookie复制下来更换
完整的代码如下
import requests
headers = {
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36",
"referer": "https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login? entry=mweibo&res=wel&wm=3349&r=https%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F%3Fjumpfrom%3Dweibocom",
"cookie": "你的cookie"
}
login_data = {
"savestate": "1",
"r": "https://m.weibo.cn/?jumpfrom=weibocom",
"ec": "0",
"pagerefer": "https://m.weibo.cn/login?backURL=https%253A%252F%252Fm.weibo.cn%252F%253Fjumpfrom%253Dweibocom",
"entry": "mweibo",
"wentry": "",
"loginfrom": "",
"client_id": "",
"code": "",
"qq": "",
"mainpageflag": "1",
"hff": "",
"hfp": "",
}
login_req = requests.post("https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login", data=login_data, headers=headers)
print(login_req.status_code) #输出200则代表登录成功
二、实现发送微博
既然都登陆微博了，我们先试试能不能顺便发微博吧
同样的，在微博编辑页面点击F12进入开发者工具，我们先试试发送一个微博，Network标签会出现什么新的内容吧
网页截图
当微博界面点击发送之后，Network标签就会出现update的请求，点进去可以看到，请求地址是https://m.weibo.cn/api/statuses/update，请求方法是 POST。参数有两个一个是content 也就是发送的微博内容，另一个是st，这里的st通过几次的检验，猜测应该是网站的反爬虫措施。这里获得st的方法是通过同为Network标签下的config请求，里面存放了st值，我们将 JSON 格式的字符串转换为字典，然后取到 st 的值
方法
config_req = session.get("https://m.weibo.cn/api/config")
config = config_req.json()
st = config["data"]["st"]
print(st) #每隔一段时间st值会改变
登录和发送微博的完整代码如
import requests
headers = {
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36",
"referer": "https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&res=wel&wm=3349&r=https%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F%3Fjumpfrom%3Dweibocom",
"cookie": "你的cookie"
}
login_data = {
"savestate": "1",
"r": "https://m.weibo.cn/?jumpfrom=weibocom",
"ec": "0",
"pagerefer": "https://m.weibo.cn/login?backURL=https%253A%252F%252Fm.weibo.cn%252F%253Fjumpfrom%253Dweibocom",
"entry": "mweibo",
"wentry": "",
"loginfrom": "",
"client_id": "",
"code": "",
"qq": "",
"mainpageflag": "1",
"hff": "",
"hfp": "",
}
# 使用 session来保留登录状态
session = requests.Session()
session.headers.update(headers)
login_req = session.post("https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login", data=login_data)
# 获取 st 请求
config_req = session.get("https://m.weibo.cn/api/config")
config = config_req.json()
st = config["data"]["st"]
compose_data = {
"content": input("请输入发送的内容："),,
"st": st
}
compose_req = session.post("https://m.weibo.cn/api/statuses/update", data=compose_data)
print(compose_req.json()) # 输出：{"ok": 1, "data": 省略部分内容...}
调整结构后的代码(功能一样)如
import requests
class WeiboSpider:
def __init__(self):
self.session = requests.Session()
self.headers = {
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36",
"referer": "https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&res=wel&wm=3349&r=https%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F%3Fjumpfrom%3Dweibocom",
"cookie": "你的Cookie"
}
self.session.headers.update(self.headers)
def login(self):
login_data = {
"savestate": "1",
"r": "https://m.weibo.cn/?jumpfrom=weibocom",
"ec": "0",
"pagerefer": "https://m.weibo.cn/login?backURL=https%253A%252F%252Fm.weibo.cn%252F%253Fjumpfrom%253Dweibocom",
"entry": "mweibo",
"wentry": "",
"loginfrom": "",
"client_id": "",
"code": "",
"qq": "",
"mainpageflag": "1",
"hff": "",
"hfp": "",
}
self.session.post("https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login", data=login_data)
def get_st(self):
config_req = self.session.get("https://m.weibo.cn/api/config")
config = config_req.json()
st = config["data"]["st"]
return st
def compose(self, content):
compose_data = {
"content": content,
"st": self.get_st()
}
compose_req = self.session.post("https://m.weibo.cn/api/statuses/update", data=compose_data)
print(compose_req.json())
def send(self, content):
self.login()
self.compose(content)
weibo = WeiboSpider()
weibo.send(input("请输入发送的内容："))
三、实现微博自动点赞
完整的代码
import requests
class WeiboSpider:
def __init__(self):
self.session = requests.Session()
self.headers = {
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36",
"referer": "https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&res=wel&wm=3349&r=https%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F%3Fjumpfrom%3Dweibocom",
"cookie": "你的cookie"
}
self.session.headers.update(self.headers)
def login(self):
login_data = {
"savestate": "1",
"r": "https://m.weibo.cn/?jumpfrom=weibocom",
"ec": "0",
"pagerefer": "https://m.weibo.cn/login?backURL=https%253A%252F%252Fm.weibo.cn%252F%253Fjumpfrom%253Dweibocom",
"entry": "mweibo",
"wentry": "",
"loginfrom": "",
"client_id": "",
"code": "",
"qq": "",
"mainpageflag": "1",
"hff": "",
"hfp": "",
}
self.session.post("https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login", data=login_data)
def get_st(self):
config_req = self.session.get("https://m.weibo.cn/api/config")
config = config_req.json()
st = config["data"]["st"]
return st
def compose(self, content):
compose_data = {
"content": content,
"st": self.get_st()
}
compose_req = self.session.post("https://m.weibo.cn/api/statuses/update", data=compose_data)
print(compose_req.json())
def send(self, content):
self.login()
self.compose(content)
# 获取微博列表
def get_weibo_list(self):
params = {
"type": "uid",
"value": "2139359753",
"containerid": "1076032139359753"
}
weibo_list_req = self.session.get("https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex", params=params)
weibo_list_data = weibo_list_req.json()
weibo_list = weibo_list_data["data"]["cards"]
return weibo_list
# 点赞微博
def vote_up(self, id):
vote_up_data = {
"id": id, # 要点赞的微博 id
"attitude": "heart",
"st": self.get_st()
}
vote_up_req = self.session.post("https://m.weibo.cn/api/attitudes/create", data=vote_up_data)
json = vote_up_req.json()
print(json["msg"])
# 批量点赞微博
def vote_up_all(self):
self.login()
weibo_list = self.get_weibo_list()
for i in weibo_list:
# card_type 为 9 是正常微博
if i["card_type"] == 9:
self.vote_up(i["mblog"]["id"])
weibo = WeiboSpider()
weibo.vote_up_all()
谢谢大家，Python的分享就到此为止，以后如果有好玩的Python程序，我还会继续向大家分享的，希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家！
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/huisoul/article/details/116008126