使用Android studio实现打电话和发送短信的功能

知识点
1:安卓6.0以上的版本如何获取拨打电话和发送短信的“权限”
2.如何进入手机通讯录并返回联系号码
3.如何实现发送短信的功能

//实现拨打电话功能的Activity
package com.example.administrator.phone;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE = 1;
    private Button btn_dial;
    private EditText et_number;
    private Button ml_btn;
    private Button ss_btn;
    private static final int PICK_CONTACT = 1;
    private static final int PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS = 2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // 找到控件
        et_number = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.number_et);
        btn_dial = (Button) findViewById(R.id.dial_btn);
        ml_btn=findViewById(R.id.ml_btn);
        ss_btn=findViewById(R.id.ss_btn);
        ss_btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,ActivityB.class);
                intent.putExtra("number",et_number.getText().toString());
                //启动Activity B
                startActivity(intent);
                //结束MainActivity
                MainActivity.this.finish();
            }
        });
        ml_btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                selectConnection();

            }
        });

        // 给按钮设置监听（点击事件）
        btn_dial.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { // 匿名内部类
            // 按钮点击时回调
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                // 检查是否获得了权限（Android6.0运行时权限）
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
                        Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    // 没有获得授权，申请授权
                    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(MainActivity.this,
                            Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
                        // 返回值：
//                          如果app之前请求过该权限,被用户拒绝, 这个方法就会返回true.
//                          如果用户之前拒绝权限的时候勾选了对话框中”Don’t ask again”的选项,那么这个方法会返回false.
//                          如果设备策略禁止应用拥有这条权限, 这个方法也返回false.
                        // 弹窗需要解释为何需要该权限，再次请求授权
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请授权！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                        // 帮跳转到该应用的设置界面，让用户手动授权
                        Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                        Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null);
                        intent.setData(uri);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else{
                        // 不需要解释为何需要该权限，直接请求授权
                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                                new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE},
                                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE);
                    }
                }else {
                    // 已经获得授权，可以打电话
                    CallPhone();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void CallPhone() {
        String number = et_number.getText().toString();
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(number)) {
            // 提醒用户
            // 注意：在这个匿名内部类中如果用this则表示是View.OnClickListener类的对象，
            // 所以必须用MainActivity.this来指定上下文环境。
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "号码不能为空！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            // 拨号：**系统的拨号组件
            Intent intent = new Intent(); // 意图对象：动作 + 数据
            intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_CALL); // 设置动作
            Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:" + number); // 设置数据
            intent.setData(data);
            startActivity(intent); // **Activity组件
        }
    }

    // 处理权限申请的回调
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE: {
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    // 授权成功，继续打电话
                    CallPhone();
                } else {
                    // 授权失败！
                    Toast.makeText(this, "授权失败！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                break;
            }
        }

    }

    private void selectConnection() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);
        startActivityForResult(intent, PICK_CONTACT);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case PICK_CONTACT:
                Intent mIntent;
                mIntent = data;
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    //申请授权，第一个参数为要申请用户授权的权限；第二个参数为requestCode 必须大于等于0，主要用于回调的时候检测，匹配特定的onRequestPermissionsResult。
                    //可以从方法名requestPermissions以及第二个参数看出，是支持一次性申请多个权限的，系统会通过对话框逐一询问用户是否授权。
                    requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

                }else{
                    //如果该版本低于6.0，或者该权限已被授予，它则可以继续读取联系人。
                    getContacts(data);
                }
                break;
            default:
                super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
                break;
        }
    }

    private void getContacts(Intent data) {
        if (data == null) {
            return;
        }

        Uri contactData = data.getData();
        if (contactData == null) {
            return;
        }
        String name = "";
        String phoneNumber = "";

        Uri contactUri = data.getData();
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(contactUri, null, null, null, null);
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            name = cursor
                    .getString(cursor
                            .getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));
            String hasPhone = cursor
                    .getString(cursor
                            .getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER));
            String id = cursor.getString(cursor
                    .getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));
            if (hasPhone.equalsIgnoreCase("1")) {
                hasPhone = "true";
            } else {
                hasPhone = "false";
            }
            if (Boolean.parseBoolean(hasPhone)) {
                Cursor phones = getContentResolver()
                        .query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
                                null,
                                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID
                                        + " = " + id, null, null);
                while (phones.moveToNext()) {
                    phoneNumber = phones
                            .getString(phones
                                    .getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
                }
                phones.close();
            }
            cursor.close();

            et_number.setText(phoneNumber);
        }
    }
}

//实现发送短信功能的Activity
package com.example.administrator.phone;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.List;

public class ActivityB extends Activity {
    EditText ss_number_et;
    Button cs_btn;
    Button ss_btn;
    EditText ss_content_et;

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_b);
        ss_number_et=findViewById(R.id.ss_number_et);
        cs_btn=findViewById(R.id.cs_btn);
        ss_btn=findViewById(R.id.ss_btn);
        ss_content_et=findViewById(R.id.ss_content_et);
        ss_btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String message = ss_content_et.getText().toString();//短信内容
                String phoneNo =  ss_number_et.getText().toString();//电话号码
                Log.i("Send SMS", "");
                try {
                    SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
                    smsManager.sendTextMessage(phoneNo, null, message, null, null);
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "SMS sent.",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                            "SMS faild, please try again.",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            }
        });
        cs_btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent=new Intent(ActivityB.this,MainActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
                ActivityB.this.finish();
            }
        });
        Intent i=getIntent();
        String number=i.getStringExtra("number");
        if(number==null){
            ss_number_et.setText("请输入手机号码");
        }else{
            ss_number_et.setText(number);
        }
    }
}

运行结果：
初始界面

进入通讯录界面

获取联系人返回主界面

拨打电话界面

编辑短信界面

参考博客
https://blog.csdn.net/u010356768/article/details/79352323
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