名词分类
- 专有名词
1.专有名词是个别的人，地，物，团体，机构等的专用名称
2.专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写
3.专有名词如含有普通名词的短语必须用定冠词the
the Great Wall
4.姓氏名采用复数形式表该家族姓氏一家人
the Greens 格林一家人
- 普通名词
许多人或事物的共有名称
family man foot
- 可数名词
可以用数词进行计数的名词
box child orange
- 不可数名词
不可以用复数进行计数的名词
water news oil population information
单复数
单数变复数方法
- 1.单数名词末尾+s
map->maps boy->boys horse->horses
- 2.s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词+es
class-classes hero->heroes box->boxes
dish->dishes beach->beaches
注：少数以o结尾的词变复数时只加s
photo->photos piano->pianos
- 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，y变i加es
family->families city->cities party->parties
- 4.以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v,加es
shelf->shelves wolf->wolves
life->lives knife->knives
不规则变化
积累
不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，说明其数量时要用有关计量名词
1.a bag of rice->two bags of rice
2.a piece of paper->three pieces of paper
3.a bottle of milk->five bottles of milk
名词所有格
所属关系
表示所属关系，相当于物主代词（所代表的为名词）
做成分
- 表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词后面加's
1.children's day 儿童节
2.my sister's book 姐姐的数
- 以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加'
1.teachers' day 教师节
- 有些表示时间，距离以及世界，国家，城镇等无生命的名词，结尾加's
1.today's newspaper 今天的报纸
- 无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西，一般均可用of短语来表示所有关系
‘s=of 名词+的
book's name=the name of book
1.a fine daughter of the party
党的好女儿
- 's还可以表示某人的家庭或店铺
1.my aunt's 我阿姨家
2.the doctor's 诊所
- 两个人共同拥有某物时，可以采用A and B's的形式
Lucy and Lily's bedroom
露西和丽丽合住的卧室
- 双重所有格"of +名词所有格/名词性物主代词"
1.a friend of my father's=my father's friend
我父亲的一位朋友
2.a friend of mine
我的一位朋友
3.my father's friend's friend
4.a friend of my father's friend's
主谓一致
- 主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式
1.The computer was a great invention
2.The water in the glass is very cold
- 集合名词做主语,family class team group row
1.表示整体概念，谓语用单数形式
class three is a very goog class
2.表示其中的所有成员，谓语用复数形式
class three have a map of China.
三班有张中国地图
- Chinese，Japanese，fish，sleep,people等表示单个时，谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数
（单复数形式一样，由语境决定）
1.There is a sheep in the yard
院子里有一只绵羊
2.There are some sheep in the yard
院子里有一些绵羊
- 有s结尾，但不是复数，谓语用单数
- glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词常用复数形式，谓语用复数
1.The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.
裤子很便宜，我想买
- a lot of
1.跟名词复数时，谓语用复数形式
a lot of students are playing basketball now
2.跟不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式
a lot of time was wasted on that work
- and
1.连接两个名词做主语时，谓语多用复数
the teacher and his son are picking apples now
2.两个名词构成一个整体事物时，谓语多用单数
fish and chips is very famous food
- 用both...and...连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数
both you and I are required to be here tomorrow
- 主语有with短语时，谓语单复数有with之前的人物决定
A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road
- either...or...或 neither...nor...连接两个名词作句子主语时，谓语就近原则
1.either you or he is right
2.neither you nor I am going there
- 表示一时间或长度概念时的复数名词做主语，谓语一般用单数
1.Two months is not a short time.
2.Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance
- 主语含有 half of.../all (of) the...等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词决定
1.Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English
2.A third of the students were playing near the lake
- 就近原则
1.there be
2.neither...nor...
3.either...or...
4.not only ...but also...
5.not..but..
- 就远原则
1.as well as
2.(together/along) with
3.rather that
4.except
5.besides
6.including
7.in addition to
8.apart from
单复数意义不同的名词
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