英语语法之从句

时间:2024-01-24 20:50:28

从句

1.为什么要学从句?

  • 可以帮助在写作和翻译时做到游刃有余,加快阅读速度;
  • 当我们修饰一个人或物时,如果只有一个形容词有时会显得太过乏力;
  • 当简单句中的6个成分要用句子扮演时,就有了从句;

 

2.从句连词

主从句之间如何连接?| 使用从句的连接词;

从句连词

  • 1.别丢了;
  • 2.当脑袋(放在从句的左边)

学从句就是学连词;

 

3.从句分为:

  1. 主角从句;
  2. 定语从句;
  3. 同位语从句;

 

主角从句(主宾表)

主角从句--->主/宾/表语从句,删去则主句不完整

主角从句连词

配角连词

  • that,无语义,不起作用;
  • whether,连接从句的同时起“是否”的含义;
  • whether和if一般不能替换,为了避免出错,当需要用"是否"连接从句时可以只用whether;

1. that

The fact is that  you are right.

我特点相信:你爱我。

I do believe that you love me.

问题是:你错了。

The problem is that you are wrong.

 

2. whether/if

The problem is whether you are right.  // 表语从句

我不知道:你是否爱我。

I don't know whether you love me.  // 宾语从句

 

3. whether/if 辨析

主语从句位于句首:不用if;
If we need is it a different matter.  //错误

宾语从句中有 or not:不用if;
It doesn't matter if she will come or not.  //错误

表语从句:不用if;
The problem is if we need it.  //错误

不定式:不用if;
I don't know if to go or not.  //错误

 

主角连词

  • 缺主语用who,缺宾语用whom;
  • 从句里缺东西,统一用what;
  • 从句里缺时间地点原因,用when/where/why;

1. who/whom:缺人

Who laughs last laughs best.  // 主语从句

Whom i trust is you.  // 主语从句

爱我的人:是你。

Who loves me is you.  // Sb loves me is you. sb在这里做主语,用who的主语形式

我爱的人:是你。

Whom i love is you.  // I love whom is you. sb在这里做宾语,用who的宾语形式

 

缺主语用who,缺宾语用whom;

 

2. what:缺物

What i love is music.  // i love what is music. 

 

3. when / where / why / how:缺状语

I forget where i met you.  // 宾语从句

 告诉我:你为什么爱他?

Tell me why you love him.

 

主语从句

 Who dares wins.  // 勇者胜。

 不会翻译的时候,将连接词还原回从句,从左往右,顺着翻。

 

that 主语从句

一句话做主语,那么这句话就是主语从句。

  • 有的时候看句子,不是一个名词作主语,也不是一个代词做主语,根据意思判断是一句话做主语,那么这句话就是主语从句
  • that引导的主语从句是不缺东西的,但因为如果将that去掉,整句话就会出现一个以上的动词,所以不能去掉that;

1.置于句首

That you will pass the CET is an undoubeted fact.

 

2.置于句末

It's clear that he is a college student.

你掌握语法是可能的

It's possible that you master grammer.

you master program is possible. //错误的
that you master is possible. //80分翻译
It is possible that you master grammer. //标准翻译

 

3.置于句末(被动式)

it's reported/believed that...

据报道,今年中国快递服务将递送大约120亿件包裹。

It's reported that this year, China's courier service will deliver approximately 12 billion packages.

众所周知,眼见为实。  // 眼见为实是众所周知的。

 

seeing is believing is well known.  // 错误

that seeing is believing is well known.

It is well known that seeing is believing.

 

以上,that从句,常用于翻译写作,功能句,
要求:写作翻译题时能有意识的利用;

以下,会翻译或者读懂即可,不用会写。

 

宾语从句

1.在及物动词后作宾语(that可省)

I learned that love, no time, heals all wounds.

I believe what you believe.  // I believe (you believe what ). 

 

2.在介词后做宾语

We are in agreement with what you say.  // We are in agreement with (you say what).

 

表语从句

表语:置于系动词(be)之后,解释,描述主语。

Loving is watching films with you.  // 是主系表结构,但不是表语从句,只是简单句。

You are what you repeatedly do.  // You are  (you repeatedly do what).

问题在于你是否真的爱我。

The problem is whether you love me.

This is what i've alaways wanted to talk to you: xxx.  // This is (i've alaways wanted to talk what to you: xxx).

 

 

定语从句

  • 定语修饰名词,定语从句也修饰名词;
  • 定语从句永远放在它修饰的名词后面;
  • 定语从句删去不影响主句完整;

 

定语从句连词

1.who/whom 修饰人

I love the girl   who is a artist.

 

2.which/that 修饰物

I love Sichuan Cuisine  which/that you recommend.

 

只能用that的情况:

  • 1.先行词为不定代词 everything/all/nothing 等;
  • 2.先行词被all/no/only/just等强调;
  • 3.先行词为数字,序数词,*;
  • 4.先行词包含人或物;
  • 5.先行词在从句中做表语;

不定代词:不确定具体某人某物的代词;
示例:听说你谈恋爱了? 谁说的,不知道谁说的。

 

只能用which的情况:

  • 1.引导非限;
  • 2.介词+which;
  • 3.前有that定从;
  • 4.先行词为that;

当定语从句修饰的不是一个人,不是一个物,而是一句话的时候,就是非限定从,连接词只能用which
eg:I love the girl, which is true;

 

3.which 修饰句子

I love the girl, which is true.  // 我喜欢这个女孩,是真的。

I love the girl who is beaytiful.  // 我喜欢这个漂亮的女孩。 // 定语从句,修饰人,不是修饰句子

 

非限定从与听力考试

如果听力中出现了非限定从,那么非限定从那句话就是重点;非限定从前面一个时间,后面出现一个时间,那么就选后面的那个时间。

 

 

非限定从与写译

中国的经济正快速发展,这让汉语在全世界范围内很受欢迎;

economy is developing, which makes Chinese popular.

 

Never do anything that cannot be on the front page.

Suggested admission: The amount you pay is up to you.  // Suggested admission: The amount (that you pay) is up to you.

 

 

状语从句

  • 时间 when while as after before until
  • 地点 where
  • 原因 because for as since
  • 目的 (so) that ; in order that
  • 结果 so...that...
  • 条件 if
  • 让步 while although
  • 方式 When in rome,  do as the Romans do.

状语从句比较简单,不细讲;

 

  • 定语=穿什么衣服出门;
  • 状语=出门的状态;

 

 

同位语从句

同位语放在名词后面,去解释这个名词;

  • 完整句,删去不影响主句完整;

 

同从有很多个连词,但四六级考察的,只需要知道that连接词;

同从特点:

  • 1.连接词(只需要)用that;
  • 2.从句是完整的;
  • 3.同从紧紧地跟在名词后面,他们之间是等于的关系;

 I cling to the idea  that you are right.  //  I cling to the idea 我认为

我们得出结论:眼见为实。

We draw a conclusion  that seeing is believing.

 

 

裸看法

三脱 | 简化长难句,突出句子主干,体改阅读速度

一.脱掉 逗号,破折号内的插入语; 

二.脱掉 介词短语以及 to do不定式;

三.脱掉从句 | 连接词(或介词+which)为头,从句内的第二个动词前为尾,掐头去尾;

 

三.脱掉从句 | 连接词(或介词+which)为头,从句内的第二个动词前为尾,掐头去尾;

脱从句

在连接词前面画一根竖线,在第二个动词画一条竖线,去掉两个竖线中间的;
如果脱从句时,没有第二个动词,就直接将整个从句脱掉;

脱从句语法示例:
content1 | which(引导的从句) content2 v(第一个动词) content3 | v(第二个动词) --->
content1 v(第二个动词)

 

脱从句示例1:

Everything that has a begin has a end. --->

Everything | that has a beginhas a end. --->

Everything has a end.  // 主干

 

脱从句示例2:

That which does not kill us makes us stronger. --->

That | which does not kill usmakes us stronger. --->

That makes us stronger.  // 主干

 

裸看法综合示例

 

裸看法与选词填空

Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->

Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->

Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital  in the first place. --->

Many patients also ___ better understanding  of the illnesses that landed them  in the hospital  in the first place. --->

Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses  | that  landed them in the hospital in the first place.  // 没有第二个动词,直接划掉整句 --->

Many patients also ___ better understanding。// 主干

由此可见,这里缺一个动词, 根据后面的landed,判断是v-ed形式。