简单句

时间:2024-03-17 17:02:58

前言

对于没有或者缺乏语言环境的非英语母语人士来说, 词汇量就像一颗颗大小和形状不一的珍珠,语法就是把这些珍珠串联成一条珍珠项链的链。

词汇量可以了,但是不懂语法很像天龙八部前20集中的段誉,空有一身内力不知道如何施展出来。

如果掌握了一些语法也会做题,但是没有结合词汇量+语法 去做大量实践练习。是不是有点像王语嫣-那个每天看着表哥练剑的女孩?背单词真的也很重要!!!!!

Anyway....道可道非常道名可名非常名!

简单句是由简单的主、谓、宾和主、系、表构成的英文句子,简单句是构成并列句和主从复合句这些长难句的基石。

所以简单句不简单学好了简单句才能对并列句、主从复合句这些长难句进行深入了解。

 

英汉语法结构的差异

我在英孚学习英语的过程中 从大量的口语交流和写作实践中,发现了很多我看不懂的、看起来奇怪的英文句型。

阴差阳错,我从语法书中找到了很多答案。

 

1.汉语可以没有主、谓、宾,英语必须具备主谓

例如:

你多大了?我很帅!这句话有谓语吗?

它死了!这句话有宾语吗?

2.汉语的语序可以灵活放只要几个字拼在一起能表达出意思就可以,英语虽然也有倒装句但是语序相对固定

牛你喂了吗?媳妇儿你娶了吗?房子你买了吗? 根本没有按照主谓宾、主系表这种自然语序进行表达。

3.汉语可以没有语法(意合),英语比较注重形式所以英语大多严格遵循语法(形合)

汉语注重意合几个字拼凑在一起可以表达意思即可。所以汉语很难学习,因为没有规律可言只能不断重复找语感。

英语注重形式也就是形合。所以学习语法可以很快掌握英语。

 

什么是英文句子?

英语句子至少需要具备主语+谓语才能表达出意思来。

1.主语:一定是谓语动作的发出者

2.谓语:主语发出的动作

3.宾语:如果有宾语的话,宾语就是谓语动作的承受者。

英语很讲究逻辑性,在前期学英语的时候一定要确定主谓或者主系表关系

谁发出的动作?

怎么发出的动作?

动作承受者是谁?

这个动作发出的时间?

这个动作目前状态是什么?

1.我的英语说得很好。
I speak English well.
2.北京西站,到了。 We are arriving at Beijing West Railway Station. 3.狗没有找到 I didn\'t find the dog. 4.上课要好好听讲 We should listen to the teacher seriously in class.

 

英语的5大基本句子结构

谓语动词是句子的根,不同的谓语动词可以变化出5大不同的基本句型。

 1.主谓(不及物动词)

 一个英语句子至少得具备主、谓。

大象死了

The elephant died.

时间飞逝

Time flies.

我们笑了

We laugh

 

2.主谓(及物动词)宾

I love you.

I go to university.

I have lunch.

 

3.主系(系动词)表

They are mine.

I am handsome.

You are beautiful.

We are friendly.

 

 

4.主谓(双宾动词)双宾

如何区别主谓双宾和主谓宾补句型?

在两个宾语之间或者宾语和补语之间加个系动词,看看意思是否正确?

He teaches us English.

He gave me a gift.

She tell me the answer.

You buy me a coffee,

 

5.主谓宾补

有时候我们需要对宾语进行补充说明。

We should keep the room clean and tidy.

We made him our monitor.

His father told him not to play in the street.

 

句子的成分

句子成分的来源是由于每个单词具有不同的词性

根据单词不同的词性,把单词放到1个句子中就会从当不同的句子成分。

谓语是什么? 

一句话中有且只能有1个具有时态的实义动词或者系动词存在,并且充当谓语。

所以其他动词需要全部变成非谓语动词非谓语动词可以做主语、表语、定语、状语、补语。

You must very beautiful.    这句话肯定是不对的,因为这句话中没有谓语动词。

 

谓语动词太多怎么办?非谓语动词!

1.找出句子中所有动词

2.筛选出最重要的1个动词做谓语动词

3.确定主谓关系

4.其他动词变成非谓语动词。

5.给谓语动词加上时态。

1.乌镇浙江的一个水镇,它位于京杭大运河旁边。
Wuzhen is a water town in Zhejiang Province, located next to Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

2.冬天来了,春天就()不远了。
Winter approaching, spring will be around the corner.

3.我最大的错
Loving HER is my biggest fault. 
It is my biggest fault to love her. 避免头重脚轻,使用it做形式主语。

4.我们离别在火车站,眼看着车子越来越远,泪满面。
I saw her off at the railway station, seeing the train move away and leaving puddles of tears.

5.舞会结束后,她失望的回家了。
After the dancing party ended, she went home disappointedly.

 

动词缺失怎么办? be动词!

我在家呢!

我家的牛很可爱。

她的笑容像花儿一样灿烂。

当我们汉译英时你会发现很多汉语句子,你是找不到明显的动词的,真的在种情况,我都使用be动词

I am at home.
My calf/calves is/are extremely cut.
Her simle was elegant like a flower.
I am against you.
I must be beyond you.

 

主语

名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(引导词+句子)充当主语。

在一句话中绝对不能少主语。祈使句是省略了。

I am a computer programmer.
My job is to code.
Helping a single beauty to fall in love with me is my dream.
Strength and handsomeness are all my character.
Being strong and handsome is my character. 非谓语做主语 谓语动词使用单数

 

主语缺失怎么处理? 

1.加it作为形式主语:必须和天气、温度、时间有关系。

重庆的冬天很潮湿。
In Chongqing, it is humid in winter. 

雨一直下。
It keeps raining.

现在是上午8点整。
It is 8 o\'clock am.

 

2.There be 句型:含有 “有 ”的意思时

有很多大学生喜欢我。
There exist a crowd of undergraduates adoring me.

有很多原因能解释我的观点。
There are many reasons to explain my opinion.
There are numerous factors accounting for my perspective.

 

3.被动语态解决主语缺失问题

当一句话中没有动作的发出者,例如:老板应该被建议采取措施了。

谁去建议老板呢?谁发出建议这个动作呢?I think that...../we should....?

I think that we should suggest our boss to take some action.

英语是一门非常讲究逻辑性和理性的语言。所以尽量避免使用人称代词做主语。使用被动语态把!

必须指出坚持是成功的必备因素!
Perseverance must be pointed out to be a essential factor of success.

越来越多的人认为污染很严重。
Pollution is realized severe by an increasing number of people.

 

4.使用人称代词

虽然使用被动语态会更符合英语的表达风格-理性,但是由些时候我们又不得不使用人称代词。

以下3种动词没有被动语态,我们只能使用人称代词做主语。

1.系动词没有被动:主系表没有被动

2.不及物动词(动词+介词)没有被动

3.have(翻译成有的时候)

 

宾语

宾语和主语是完全一样的,所以被动语态就能给主语和宾语互换位置。

名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(引导词+句子) 

句子一定要具备主语+谓语!!所以没有宾语怎么办?就凉拌。

比如说它死了!这句话本来就可以没有宾语!

Women tend to love to be beautiful.

 

 

表语

 名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(引导词+句子)、形容词、介词短语可以作表语。

It\'s mine.
I am a teacher.
My dream is to become a poet.

 

动词的分类

实义动词

实义动词是相对系动词而言有实际意义的动词,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词(vt.):及物动词+宾语

不及物动词(vi.):不及物动词+介词+宾语

及物动词和不及物动词的区别:就是及物动词后面直接跟宾语,而不及物动词需要加介词然后再加宾语。

I watch TV.
You look at me.

 

连系动词

连系动词不仅仅有 am、is、are

状态:be

感官:look, smell, taste, smell, sound, fell 变化:become,
get, turn, grow, fall 保存:keep, stay, remain, stand 表象:seem, appear 终止或结果:prove

 

情态动词

情态动词:表达说话人主观态度的词汇就是情态动词。

情态动词只是表达说话人的主观态度没有动作!!所以情态动词不能做谓语!!

情态动词必须+ 实义动词/系动词一起构成谓语

情态动词就相当于1个助动词!

I work hard. I have to hard. I must work hard.

情态动词有以下功能:表示能力、推测、虚拟语气。

 

情态动词表推测

must have done: 一定做过某事

needn\'t have done: 本没必要做某事,但是做了。

could have done: 本能够做某事,但是没有做。表示遗憾!

should have done: 本应该做某事

1.对现在的推测:情态动词+动词原形
You get up so late, so you must feel hungry.

你起床如此晚,你肯定饿了!
You eat a lot, so you can not fell hungry.

你吃了那么多,你肯定不饿了!
PS: must的否定形式=can not 而不是 mustn\'t, mustn\'t 是表示不要、不能、禁止不表达推测。
It so cold today. It should snow tomorrow.




2.情态动词对过去的推测:情态动词+have done He must have been abased in his university. 他在大学的时候一定很自卑。 You needn\'t have shown your love in this way. 你本没有必要一这种形式表达爱。 I could have become an excellent poet. 我本能够成为一名优秀的诗人。 He should have married a rich lady. 他本应该娶到一个富婆。

 

情态动词和虚拟语气的关系!

英语中的动词除了可以表达时、态还可以表达语气。

情态动词就是帮助动词来表达语气的! 是构成虚拟语气的根本。

我之前对虚拟语气的认知很片面,以为虚拟语气只能运用在 if引导的条件状语从句(往后退1个时态)。

其实虚拟语气在英语中的应用很广泛:

I wish that I could be multilingual.
I wish I didn’t smoke. If you feel
in love with me, we would get marry with you.对现在的假设 If you were to mary me, we would have may chidren.对未来的假设。

 

无论你使用什么句子结构,只要想 描述和事实相反或者自认为发生概念极低的事情,肯定得需要借助情态动词。

这就是情态动词和虚拟语气的联系。

以后慢慢学吧!

 

助动词

助动词可以帮助谓语动词构成时态、语态、疑问、否定

I am having class. 现在进行时
I have bought a car. 现在完成时
I had have a girlfriend before I graduated from university. 过去完成时 I was beaten. 被动语态 Do you love me
? 疑问句 I don\'t love you. 否定

 

阅读

1.Flowers growing up in green house can not go through any storms so kinds should never be spoiled.

温室里的花朵不能经受任何风雨证明孩子不应该被过分溺爱。

 

2.Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task.

不同文化传统欧洲大陆编织一体创造尊重这些不同文化传统欧洲品牌绝非易事需要人们做出战略性选择

 

3.The coming of the age of the postwar baby boom and entry of women into male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan\'s rigid social ladder to good school and jobs.

战后婴儿潮时代的到来和女人进入了受男人掌控的职场已经限制了年轻人很多机会。

这些年轻人一直在质疑自己爬到日本社会的上层做出的牺牲。

 

4."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain that are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse"

许多内科医生看起来毫不关心那些病人可以避免和预测到的痛苦,已经达到了系统的病人虐待的程度。

 

5.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

wasteful at best and cruel at worst:说的好是浪费说的不好就是残忍

许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说,动物实验说得好是浪费,说得不好是残忍。

 

6.We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

be obliged to sb : 应该感谢某人

have since:从那之后

vanish:消失、不复存在、绝迹、灭绝

我们应该感谢他们,因为这些语言从那之后就消失了 随着说那些语言人的去世、被同化和忘记了。

 

 

写作

1.我这两天心里很不爽。

I feel upset thesedays.

 

2.全球在变暖

The temperature is increasing throughout the world.

 

3.河南有很多人口

There are many people in Henan Province.

There are large populations Henan Province.

 

3.如果有毅力,迟早都会成功。

If you are persistent, you will be successful sooner or later.

If there exists persistence in your mind, success will be achieved sooner or later.

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

 

4.有意义就是好好活,好好活就是做有意义的事情。

Being meaningful is to live happily and living happily is to do meaningful things.

 

5.笑并不意味着快乐。

Smiling always doesn\'t mean being happy.

 

6.妒忌本身就是一种仰望。

jealous: adj

Being jealous is a kind of worship.

jealousy itself is a kind of worship.

 

7.我是这份工作最好的人选,这事毫无悬念。

There\'s no any doubt, I am the most suitable candidate.

I am the most suitable candidate, which is uncertain. 非限定性定语从句!

 

8.她每天上网,花费大量时间浏览不同的网页。

汉译英时遇到多个动词怎么办?

  • 选出1个最重要动词+时态!
  • 其他动词全部变成非谓语动词啊!!

She surfs the internet everyday spending plenty time to view all kind of websites.

 

9.城里的孩子很难在夜晚看到明亮的星星了,这个事实表明污染已经严重影响到了我们的生活。

Children live in cities seldom see bright stars at the night, which is prove pollution has affected our life badly.

 

10.写作的时候实在不知道怎么用从句和并列句。那我low点。我就一句一句花的写。就写简单句!

Urban children can hardly see bright stars at the night.

Pollution has influenced our life a lot.

 

11.生气使人变得愚蠢,这个道理是显而易见的。

It is obvious that getting angry can be stupid.

简单句

Outrage will make people foolish. It is quite obvious.

 

12.春节到了,明天我要去理发了。

Spring Festival approaching, I will have my hair cut.

还记得我之前说的has/have sth done吗? 让某人做某事!!而非我自己给自己理发!

Have/Has sth done = ask sb to do sth !

一步小心写出独立主格了!哈哈哈~