文件上传在Web应用中非常普遍,要在Java Web环境中实现文件上传功能非常容易,因为网上已经有许多用Java开发的组件用于文件上传,本文以使用最普遍的commons-fileupload组件为例,演示如何为Java Web应用添加文件上传功能。
commons-fileupload组件是Apache的一个开源项目之一,可以从http://commons.apache.org/fileupload/下载。该组件简单易用,可实现一次上传一个或多个文件,并可限制文件大小。
下载后解压zip包,将commons-fileupload-1.x.jar复制到tomcat的webapps/你的webapp/WEB-INF/lib/下,如果目录不存在请自建目录。
新建一个UploadServlet.java用于文件上传:
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package com.liaoxuefeng.web;
public class FileUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
private String uploadDir = "C:\\temp" ;
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
// TODO:
}
}
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当servlet收到浏览器发出的Post请求后,在doPost()方法中实现文件上传,我们需要遍历FileItemIterator,获得每一个FileItemStream:
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@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
try {
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload();
// set max file size to 1 MB:
upload.setFileSizeMax( 1024 * 1024 );
FileItemIterator it = upload.getItemIterator(req);
// handle with each file:
while (it.hasNext()) {
FileItemStream item = it.next();
if (! item.isFormField()) {
// it is a file upload:
handleFileItem(item);
}
}
req.getRequestDispatcher( "success.jsp" ).forward(req, resp);
}
catch (FileUploadException e) {
throw new ServletException( "Cannot upload file." , e);
}
}
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在handleFileItem()方法中读取上传文件的输入流,然后写入到uploadDir中,文件名通过UUID随机生成:
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void handleFileItem(FileItemStream item) throws IOException {
System.out.println( "upload file: " + item.getName());
File newUploadFile = new File(uploadDir + "/" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
byte [] buffer = new byte [ 4096 ];
InputStream input = null ;
OutputStream output = null ;
try {
input = item.openStream();
output = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(newUploadFile));
for (;;) {
int n = input.read(buffer);
if (n==(- 1 ))
break ;
output.write(buffer, 0 , n);
}
}
finally {
if (input!= null ) {
try {
input.close();
}
catch (IOException e) {}
}
if (output!= null ) {
try {
output.close();
}
catch (IOException e) {}
}
}
}
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如果要在web.xml配置文件中读取指定的上传文件夹,可以在init()方法中初始化:
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@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
super .init(config);
this .uploaddir = config.getInitParameter( "dir" );
}
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最后在web.xml中配置Servlet:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
< web-app >
< servlet >
< servlet-name >UploadServlet</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >com.liaoxuefeng.web.FileUploadServlet</ servlet-class >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >UploadServlet</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/upload</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
</ web-app >
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配置好Servlet后,启动Tomcat或Resin,写一个简单的index.htm测试:
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< html >
< body >
< p >FileUploadServlet Demo</ p >
< form name = "form1" action = "upload" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data" >
< input type = "file" name = "file" />
< input type = "submit" name = "button" value = "Submit" />
</ form >
</ body >
</ html >
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注意action="upload"指定了处理上传文件的FileUploadServlet的映射URL。
当上传成功后,显示success.jsp,否则,抛出异常。如果上传的文件大小超过了我们设定的1MB,就会得到一个FileSizeLimitExceededException。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。