HttpClient简介
1.HTTP 协议是 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议之一，越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java net包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能，但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient 已经应用在很多的项目中，比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外两个开源项目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。Commons HttpClient项目现已终止，不再开发。 它已被Apache HttpComponents项目里的HttpClient和HttpCore模块取代，它们提供了更好的性能和更大的灵活性
使用httpclient请求https接口(绕过证书验证的方式)
1.springboot项目需要引入的maven依赖
<properties>
<!-- httpclient -->
<httpclient.httpcore.version>4.4.11</httpclient.httpcore.version>
<httpclient.version>4.5.9</httpclient.version>
</properties>
<!-- 引入 httpclient 包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>${httpclient.httpcore.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore-nio</artifactId>
<version>${httpclient.httpcore.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>${httpclient.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>${httpclient.version}</version>
</dependency>
2.跳过证书认证以及双向认证的实现
/**
* HttpClient使用https请求进行证书验证(官方已经弃用DefaultHttpClient，并使用CloseableHttpClient)
* @author : ywb
* @createdDate : 2021/4/21
* @updatedDate
*/
public class SSLClient {
/**
* 根据是否是https请求，获取HttpClient客户端
* @param isHttps 是否是HTTPS请求
* @return HttpClient实例
*/
public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient(boolean isHttps) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
if (isHttps) {
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslSocketFactory;
try {
/// 如果不作证书校验的话传入false
sslSocketFactory = getSocketFactory(false, null, null);
/// 如果需要证书检验的话
// 证书
//InputStream ca = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("client/ds.crt");
// 证书的别名，即:key。 注:cAalias只需要保证唯一即可，不过推荐使用生成keystore时使用的别名。
// String cAalias = System.currentTimeMillis() + "" + new SecureRandom().nextInt(1000);
//sslSocketFactory = getSocketFactory(true, ca, cAalias);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setSSLSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory).build();
return httpClient;
}
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
return httpClient;
}
/**
* 为HTTPS请求 创建SSLSocketFactory实例、TrustManager实例
*
* @param needVerifyCa 是否需要检验CA证书(即:是否需要检验服务器的身份)
* @param caInputStream CA证书。(若不需要检验证书，那么此处传null即可)
* @param cAalias 别名。(若不需要检验证书，那么此处传null即可) 注意:别名应该是唯一的， 别名不要和其他的别名一样，否者会覆盖之前的相同别名的证书信息。别名即key-value中的key。
* @return SSLConnectionSocketFactory实例
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 异常信息
* @throws CertificateException 异常信息
* @throws KeyStoreException 异常信息
* @throws IOException 异常信息
* @throws KeyManagementException 异常信息
*/
private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSocketFactory(boolean needVerifyCa, InputStream caInputStream, String cAalias)
throws CertificateException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException,
IOException, KeyManagementException {
X509TrustManager x509TrustManager;
// https请求，需要校验证书
if (needVerifyCa) {
KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(caInputStream, cAalias);
TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
if (trustManagers.length != 1 || !(trustManagers[0] instanceof X509TrustManager)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected default trust managers:" + Arrays.toString(trustManagers));
}
x509TrustManager = (X509TrustManager) trustManagers[0];
// 这里传TLS或SSL其实都可以的
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager}, new SecureRandom());
return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
}
// https请求，不作证书校验
x509TrustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) {
// 不验证
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
};
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager}, new SecureRandom());
return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
}
/**
* 获取(密钥及证书)仓库
* @param caInputStream CA证书(此证书应由要访问的服务端提供)
* @param cAalias 别名 (注意:别名应该是唯一的， 别名不要和其他的别名一样，否者会覆盖之前的相同别名的证书信息。别名即key-value中的key。)
* @return 密钥、证书 仓库
* @throws KeyStoreException 异常信息
* @throws CertificateException 异常信息
* @throws IOException 异常信息
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 异常信息
*/
private static KeyStore getKeyStore(InputStream caInputStream, String cAalias)
throws KeyStoreException, CertificateException, IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
// 证书工厂
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
// 秘钥仓库
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
keyStore.load(null);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry(cAalias, certificateFactory.generateCertificate(caInputStream));
return keyStore;
}
}
3：HttpClient 调用其它系统接口的工具类（post、get请求）
/**
* 使用httpClient调用服务接口工具类
*
* @author : ywb
* @createdDate : 2021/4/19
* @updatedDate
*/
public class HttpClientUtil {
/**
* 无参数get请求
*
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, String token) {
return doGet(url, null, token);
}
/**
* 带参数get请求
*
* @param url 请求接口的url
* @param param 接口需要传递的参数
* @param token token 验证
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param, String token) {
// 创建一个默认可关闭的Httpclient 对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//使用httpclient 调用https接口
// CloseableHttpClient httpClient = SSLClient.getHttpClient(true);
// 设置返回值
String resultMsg = "";
// 定义HttpResponse 对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
// 创建URI,可以设置host，设置参数等
if (param != null) {
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
//需要验证token
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(token)) {
httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", "Token " + token);
}
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态为200则给返回值赋值
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
resultMsg = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放资源
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultMsg;
}
/**
* 无参数post请求
*
* @param token 请求接口token验证
* @param url 请求接口地址
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, String token) {
return doPost(url, null);
}
/**
* 带参数post请求
*
* @param url 接口url
* @param param 传递的参数map集合
* @param token 接口需要的token
* @return 返回的结果信息
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param, String token) {
// 创建一个默认可关闭的Httpclient 对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultMsg = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
//设置请求token
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {
httpPost.setHeader("Authorization", "Token " + token);
}
if (param != null) {
// 创建参数列表
List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
}
// 模拟表单
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
resultMsg = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultMsg;
}
/**
* 发送带有json参数的post请求
*
* @param url post请求url地址
* @param json 请求需要携带的就送参数信息
* @param token 请求需要验证的token信息
* @return
*/
public static String doPostJson(String url, String json, String token) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
//设置请求token
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {
httpPost.setHeader("Authorization", "Token " + token);
}
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> hashMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("name", "");
map.put("subject_id", "fbb7121848674ec2b70b5d06e73b81b3");
map.put("attach", "2");
String resultMessage = doGet("http://192.168.168.217:8002/api/yangtze/knowledge/tree/", map, " b2869c52bcdf38c5ba2335b28a57fc26e5c0f521");
System.out.println(resultMessage);
}
}
4:main方法返回结果数据
{
"code":0,
"message":"正常",
"data":[
{
"uid":"308504edd34c40ac96abce51208b2ee9",
"name":"现代文阅读",
"p":null,
"subs":[
{
"uid":"557ea13458de4b8f95d356086fd956da",
"name":"实用类文本阅读",
"p":"308504edd34c40ac96abce51208b2ee9",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"0a77a02745eb479ba25df168fc1997ec",
"name":"理解",
"p":"557ea13458de4b8f95d356086fd956da",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"9603a52d5b1444d1998bdb06c94063e7",
"name":"实用类文本—理解文中重要概念的含义",
"p":"0a77a02745eb479ba25df168fc1997ec",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"f71380915eed4c33b527a632d1a6327e",
"name":"实用类文本—理解文中重要句子的含意",
"p":"0a77a02745eb479ba25df168fc1997ec",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"2b8655d3abd84a5890844b07af9434a0",
"name":"分析综合",
"p":"557ea13458de4b8f95d356086fd956da",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"30e862d945d243c2bdd5a019166ad0ba",
"name":"实用类文本—筛选并整合文中信息",
"p":"2b8655d3abd84a5890844b07af9434a0",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"8f4193ad638c4b6da6106962b0f31579",
"name":"实用类文本—把握文章内容与结构，概括中心意思",
"p":"2b8655d3abd84a5890844b07af9434a0",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"c6ea400ec2624bbfafe483df808ccfb9",
"name":"实用类文本—分析文本的基本特征和表现手法",
"p":"2b8655d3abd84a5890844b07af9434a0",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"e8d818f26e4543289d0863d79f8b3b2c",
"name":"实用类文本—分析文章的语言特色",
"p":"2b8655d3abd84a5890844b07af9434a0",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"abbba98ed96b4aa58de9bf1265b1c3b4",
"name":"鉴赏评价",
"p":"557ea13458de4b8f95d356086fd956da",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"1fa25056878647c7ac56d6fb78c8c4c6",
"name":"实用类文本—评价文本产生的社会价值和影响",
"p":"abbba98ed96b4aa58de9bf1265b1c3b4",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"68e7252723be41c984d20d1d156451e6",
"name":"实用类文本—对文本的某种特点作深度的思考和判断",
"p":"abbba98ed96b4aa58de9bf1265b1c3b4",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"e72c487e50c44f25863d85a031a3bc10",
"name":"实用类文本—评论文本的主要观点和基本倾向",
"p":"abbba98ed96b4aa58de9bf1265b1c3b4",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"bccc85f2e68648549158274313fad83d",
"name":"探究",
"p":"557ea13458de4b8f95d356086fd956da",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"4ebeaf7962244a0c9dda956fbcbc5b24",
"name":"实用类文本—探讨作者的写作背景和写作意图",
"p":"bccc85f2e68648549158274313fad83d",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"c3b4e5cf193842518007f2e3a2da4aed",
"name":"实用类文本—探究文本中的某些问题，提出自己的见解",
"p":"bccc85f2e68648549158274313fad83d",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"d7b44d78c77c4ca296fb9de9c7c54a1e",
"name":"实用类文本—从不同的角度层面发掘文本所反映的人生价值和时代精神",
"p":"bccc85f2e68648549158274313fad83d",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"e01c2a3240cb4f6ca8b33169b1445469",
"name":"文本类型",
"p":"557ea13458de4b8f95d356086fd956da",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"0e295c787810403ca62b0deb51c79572",
"name":"科普文章",
"p":"e01c2a3240cb4f6ca8b33169b1445469",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"25e672ab25184a00be3f83b317443042",
"name":"其他实用类文本",
"p":"e01c2a3240cb4f6ca8b33169b1445469",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"64873991cd764e18af6cc5d45914991c",
"name":"非连续性文本阅读",
"p":"e01c2a3240cb4f6ca8b33169b1445469",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"93e384e43df3478ea08cd13cf13e1046",
"name":"传记",
"p":"e01c2a3240cb4f6ca8b33169b1445469",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"967dff37f1444032a48823605e545867",
"name":"报告",
"p":"e01c2a3240cb4f6ca8b33169b1445469",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"a2b3898ce05e47b48a4c574384e36c14",
"name":"新闻",
"p":"e01c2a3240cb4f6ca8b33169b1445469",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"7a2bcc13432a4fa4b6d49893bba1030c",
"name":"论述类文本阅读",
"p":"308504edd34c40ac96abce51208b2ee9",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"b27a3dc479de456ebd98f36867666d82",
"name":"理解",
"p":"7a2bcc13432a4fa4b6d49893bba1030c",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"1133abd7dd2d4c0984bc175560940910",
"name":"论述类文本—理解文中重要句子、段的含意和作用",
"p":"b27a3dc479de456ebd98f36867666d82",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"796f7e6aebab4d25b060a222b4cfe26f",
"name":"论述类文本—理解文中重要概念的含义",
"p":"b27a3dc479de456ebd98f36867666d82",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"920b5880a8f54e98a5e52022ce4565ad",
"name":"分析综合",
"p":"b27a3dc479de456ebd98f36867666d82",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"5653f134b6854908a502b6fe5d43c26c",
"name":"论述类文本—分析概括作者在文中的观点态度",
"p":"920b5880a8f54e98a5e52022ce4565ad",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"bbe576c1ec784c628182d02d7121c3b2",
"name":"论述类文本—筛选并整合文中信息",
"p":"920b5880a8f54e98a5e52022ce4565ad",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"d34688351fb54404ba2f55a866b71356",
"name":"论述类文本—归纳内容要点，概括中心思想",
"p":"920b5880a8f54e98a5e52022ce4565ad",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"d677b7a65fb84fd28f19ead2d38ffab0",
"name":"论述类文本—分析文章结构和思路",
"p":"920b5880a8f54e98a5e52022ce4565ad",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"e4e98f0093f44c8f94df2bdd3b3b92db",
"name":"论述类文本—分析论点、论据、论证方法",
"p":"920b5880a8f54e98a5e52022ce4565ad",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
}
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"d66dec1c72ce4e1787f4eaa183406895",
"name":"文本类型",
"p":"7a2bcc13432a4fa4b6d49893bba1030c",
"subs":[
{
"uid":"1c6489e646534a6db9a0e67a87e202c2",
"name":"书评",
"p":"d66dec1c72ce4e1787f4eaa183406895",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"725986f915764d67900a069532efe444",
"name":"政论文",
"p":"d66dec1c72ce4e1787f4eaa183406895",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"9305cfb0b09a4dee8286028359ca2864",
"name":"学术论文",
"p":"d66dec1c72ce4e1787f4eaa183406895",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"a593cd71064b4eec8b92c444bb16866e",
"name":"时评",
"p":"d66dec1c72ce4e1787f4eaa183406895",
"subs":[
],
"q_count":0,
"r_count":0
},
{
"uid":"ce139bf6d9c145c0ae6e5d7be5069c2c",
"name":"其他论述类文本",
"p":"d66dec1c72ce4e1787f4eaa183406895",
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