一、k3s介绍
1、k3s是一个轻量级的 Kubernetes 发行版,它针对边缘计算、物联网等场景进行了高度优化。我们希望安装的 Kubernetes 在内存占用方面只是一半的大小。Kubernetes 是一个 10 个字母的单词,简写为 k8s。所以,有 Kubernetes 一半大的东西就是一个 5 个字母的单词,简写为 k3s。k3s 没有全称,也没有官方的发音。
2、文档/下载地址
- 官网下载地址:https://github.com/k3s-io/k3s/releases
- 国内下载地址:http://mirror.cnrancher.com
- k3s文档:http://docs.rancher.cn/docs/k3s/_index
- k8s文档:https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/docs
3、环境规划
- 本例使用的是指定版本和docker容器方式安装
- docker的安装及使用:https://www.cnblogs.com/lvlinguang/p/15183571.html
- 服务器列表如下
集群角色 | ip地址 |
---|---|
server节点 | 192.168.3.17 |
agent节点 | 192.168.3.18 |
- 关闭防火墙
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
# 开机禁用
systemctl disable firewalld
# 检查状态
firewall-cmd --state
4、注意:每台计算机必须具有唯一的主机名。如果您的计算机没有唯一的主机名,请传递K3S_NODE_NAME环境变量,并为每个节点提供一个有效且唯一的主机名。
二、在线安装
1、server节点安装
- 运行脚本
export INSTALL_K3S_VERSION=v1.21.5+k3s2
export K3S_NODE_NAME=k3s-master
export INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--docker --write-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config --cluster-cidr 10.72.0.0/16 --service-cidr 10.73.0.0/16 --write-kubeconfig-mode 666"
# 高可用(配置外部sql,第二个server节点需要配置K3S_TOKEN)
# export K3S_TOKEN=server1的token
# export INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--docker --datastore-endpoint=mysql://root:123456@tcp(192.168.3.13:6008)/k3s --write-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config --cluster-cidr 10.72.0.0/16 --service-cidr 10.73.0.0/16 --write-kubeconfig-mode 666"
curl -sfL http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn sh -
- server参数说明:
- --docker:k3s server组件以containerd作为容器运行时。可以顺便在k3s server节点上启动一个Agent节点,Agent节点可以使用Docker作为容器运行时,这样k3s server节点也可以当做工作节点用。当然也可以不在server节点上启动Agent节点(添加参数--disable-agent即可)。
- --bind-address:k3s监听的IP地址,非必选,默认是localhost。
- --cluster-cidr:与Kubernetes一样,也就是Pod所在网络平面,非必选,默认是10.42.0.0/16。
- --service-cidr:与Kubernetes一样,服务所在的网络平面,非必选,默认是10.43.0.0/16。
- --kube-apiserver-arg:额外的API Server配置参数,具体可以参考Kuberntes官方网站了解支持的配置选项,非必选。
- --write-kubeconfig:安装时顺便写一个Kubeconfig文件,方便使用kubectl工具直接访问。如果不加此参数,则默认的配置文件路径为/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml,默认只有root用户能读。
- --write-kubeconfig-mode:与--write-kubeconfig一起使用,指定Kubeconfig文件的权限。
- --node-label:顺便给节点打上一个asrole=worker的label,非必选。
2、agent节点安装
- 从server节点获取token
cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token
- agent节点执行脚本
export INSTALL_K3S_VERSION=v1.21.5+k3s2
export K3S_NODE_NAME=k3s-node1
export INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--docker --write-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config --cluster-cidr 10.72.0.0/16 --service-cidr 10.73.0.0/16 --write-kubeconfig-mode 666"
curl -sfL http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn K3S_URL=https://192.168.3.17:6443 K3S_TOKEN=server1的token sh -
三、离线安装
- 本例以安装v1.21.5-k3s2版本
- 百度网盘离线包:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1V7CvTRuaxuchI3zIEeX2Bw 提取码:zp9r
1、server节点安装
- 下载文件
cd /usr/local/bin
# 下载k3s-airgap-images-amd64.tar
wget http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/v1.21.5-k3s2/k3s-airgap-images-amd64.tar
# 下载k3s可执行文件
wget http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/v1.21.5-k3s2/k3s
# 下载安装脚本
wget http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh
# 设置权限
chmod +x k3s-install.sh k3s
- 设置环境变量并安装
# 跳过二进制文件下载
export INSTALL_K3S_SKIP_DOWNLOAD=true
# 修改节点名称
export K3S_NODE_NAME=k3s-master
# 配置额外参数
export INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--docker --write-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config --cluster-cidr 10.72.0.0/16 --service-cidr 10.73.0.0/16 --write-kubeconfig-mode 666"
# 高可用(配置外部sql,第二个server节点需要配置K3S_TOKEN)
# export K3S_TOKEN=server1的token
# export INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--docker --datastore-endpoint=mysql://root:123456@tcp(192.168.3.13:6008)/k3s --write-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config --cluster-cidr 10.72.0.0/16 --service-cidr 10.73.0.0/16 --write-kubeconfig-mode 666"
# 执行安装脚本
./k3s-install.sh
2、agent节点安装
- 从server节点获取token
cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token
- 下载文件
cd /usr/local/bin
# 下载k3s-airgap-images-amd64.tar
wget http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/v1.21.5-k3s2/k3s-airgap-images-amd64.tar
# 下载k3s可执行文件
wget http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/v1.21.5-k3s2/k3s
# 下载安装脚本
wget http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh
# 设置权限
chmod +x k3s-install.sh k3s
- 设置环境变量并安装
# 跳过二进制文件下载
export INSTALL_K3S_SKIP_DOWNLOAD=true
# 修改节点名称
export K3S_NODE_NAME=k3s-node1
# 配置server节点信息,token来自server节点
export K3S_URL=https://192.168.3.17:6443
export K3S_TOKEN=server1的token
# 配置额外参数
export INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--docker --write-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config --cluster-cidr 10.72.0.0/16 --service-cidr 10.73.0.0/16 --write-kubeconfig-mode 666"
# 执行安装脚本
./k3s-install.sh
四、高可用安装
1、一个 K3s HA 集群由以下几个部分组成:
- 两个或多个server 节点,将为 Kubernetes API 提供服务并运行其他 control-plane 服务
- 零个或多个agent 节点,用于运行您的应用和服务
- 外部数据存储 (与单个 k3s server 设置中使用的嵌入式 SQLite 数据存储相反)
- 固定的注册地址,位于 server 节点的前面,以允许 agent 节点向集群注册
2、指定mysql数据库
- 格式:mysql://username:password@tcp(hostname:3306)/database-name
- 如果指定的数据库名称不存在,k3s server 将尝试创建它
3、server节点修改
- 增加参数:--datastore-endpoint
# 配置数据库信息
export INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--docker --datastore-endpoint=mysql://root:123456@tcp(192.168.3.13:6008)/k3s --write-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config --write-kubeconfig-mode 666"
- 第二个server节点需要指定K3S_TOKEN
export K3S_TOKEN=server1的token
4、agent节点不做任何修改
五、配置k3s镜像仓库
在Docker中可以通过配置registry-mirrors来实现从其他镜像仓库中获取K3s镜像。这样配置之后,会先从registry-mirrors配置的地址拉取镜像,如果获取不到才会从默认的docker.io获取镜像,从而满足了我们的需求
- 修改daemon.json
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
- 添加以下配置
{
"insecure-registries":["192.168.3.12:6007"]
}
- 重启docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
六、Kubernetes 仪表盘
1、kuboard仪表盘(推荐)
-
安装
kubectl apply -f https://kuboard.cn/install-script/kuboard.yaml
- 获取token
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kuboard-user | awk '{print $1}')
- 卸载
kubectl delete -f https://kuboard.cn/install-script/kuboard.yaml
- 访问:ip:32567
2、Kubernetes Dashboard仪表盘
- 新建 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30002
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.4.0
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
spec:
securityContext:
seccompProfile:
type: RuntimeDefault
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
- 安装
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
- 获取token
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret dashboard-admin-token | grep '^token'
- 卸载
kubectl delete -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
- 访问:ip:30002
七、常用命令
1、node节点操作
- 得到节点信息
kubectl get node
或
kubectl get node -o wide
- 删除node节点
kubectl delete node node1
- 修改节点ROLES
kubectl label node ${node} node-role.kubernetes.io/worker=worker
2、命名空间操作
- 查看所有命名空间
kubectl get namespace
或
kubectl get ns
- 创建命名空间
kubectl create namespace test
- 删除命名空间
kubectl delete namespaces test
3、pod/deployment/service共有(get)
- 不加参数默认default命名空间下的内容
- 指定命名空间:--namespace default / -n default
- 所有命名空间下的:--all-namespaces
- 详细信息:-o wide
4、pod操作
- 查看pod
kubectl get pod
或
kubectl get pods
- 详情
kubectl describe pod springboot-demo-dept-6568749656-cztl4 --namespace default
- 删除pod
kubectl delete pod pod1
5、controller操作
- 查看Deployment控制器类型
kubectl get deployment
或
kubectl get deployment.apps
或
kubectl get deploy
- 查看ReplicaSet控制器类型
kubectl get replicaset
或
kubectl get replicaset.apps
- 详情
kubectl describe deployment springboot-demo-dept --namespace default
- 删除Deployment控制器类型
kubectl delete deployment nginx-app
6、service操作
- 查看service
kubectl get service
或
kubectl get svc
- 详情
kubectl describe service springboot-demo-svc --namespace default
- 删除service
kubectl delete service nginx-app1
7、显示top资源
- 查看节点top资源
kubectl top node
- 查看pod top资源
kubectl top pod --all-namespaces
8、查看pod日志
# 实时日志
kubectl logs -f pod-name -n namespace
kubectl logs --tail 200 -f pod-name -n namespace
# 前200条日志
kubectl logs --tail 200 pod-name -n namespace
9、其它操作
- 查看k3s信息或版本号
k3s
- 查看kubectl帮助文档
kubectl --help
- 部署资源清单
kubectl apply -f xxx.yaml
- 删除部署清单
kubectl delete -f xxx.yaml
- 查看k3s服务状态
systemctl status k3s
- 重启k3s服务
systemctl restart k3s
- 卸载 K3s
# server节点卸载
/usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh
# agent节点卸载
/usr/local/bin/k3s-agent-uninstall.sh