HSRP热备份路由器协议:
HSRP是 Hot Standby Routing Protocol(热备份路由协议)的缩写,它的作用是当核心路由器不能正常工作时,
备用路由器能够实现自动平滑的替换,以保证网络正常使用。该协议中含有多台路由器,对应一个HSRP组。
该组中只有一个路由器承担转发用户流量的职责,这就是活动路由器。当活动路由器失效后,备份路由器将
承担该职责,成为新的活动路由器。这就是热备份的原理。
知识点:VRRP虚拟路由冗余协议与HSRP协议功能相似,作用也是路由热备,VRRP协议是公共协议,HSRP是思科私有协议。
设计思路:
1、 C2911设置gi0/1配置一个IP地址充当外网地址并配置VLAN10 VLAN 20 VLAN30回程路由
2、 C2960_03交换机只是作为扩充端口使用
3、 C3560A和C3560B创建三个VLAN(VLAN10 VLAN20 VLAN30)并配置HSRP
4、 C2960_01和C2960_02配置VLAN并分配端口
5、PC0分配VLAN10的IP地址,PC1分配VLAN20的IP地址
6、Laptop0和Laptop1分配VLAN30的IP地址
网络拓扑图:
C3650A配置如下:
##配置gi0/1端口IP地址
C2911>enable
C2911#configure terminal
C2911 (config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
C2911 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
C2911 (config-if)#no shutdown
C2911 (config-if)#exit
##配置VLAN 10 VLAN20 VLAN30回程路由
C2911 (config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.254
C2911 (config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.254
C2911 (config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.254
C2960_03配置如下:
C2960>enable
C2960#configure terminal
C2960(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-3
C2960(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C2960(config-if-range)#exit
C3650A配置如下:
提示: standby 10 track fastEthernet 0/24 100 设置跟踪上行端口,110降级优先,例如VLAN10设置优先级150,如果fa0/24端口down掉,
优先级变成40,备份路由优先级是100,备份路由就会接替活动路由。此3560交换机版本太旧不支持设置tracke降级优先值。
##创建VLAN10 VLAN20 VLAN30
C3560A>enable
C3560A#vlan database
C3560A(vlan)#vlan 10 name VLAN10
C3560A(vlan)#vlan 20 name VLAN20
C3560A(vlan)#vlan 30 name VLAN30
C3560A(vlan)#exit
##配置HSRP
C3560A#configure terminal
C3560A(config)#interface vlan 10
C3560A(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
C3560A(config-if)#standby 10 ip 192.168.10.254 #配置HSRP虚拟IP
C3560A(config-if)#standby 10 priority 150 #配置HSRP优先级
C3560A(config-if)#standby 10 preempt #配置HSRP抢先权
C3560A(config-if)#exit
C3560A(config)#interface vlan 20
C3560A(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
C3560A(config-if)#standby 20 ip 192.168.20.254
C3560A(config-if)#standby 20 priority 150
C3560A(config-if)#standby 20 preempt
C3560A(config-if)#exit
C3560A(config)#interface vlan 30
C3560A(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
C3560A(config-if)#standby 30 ip 192.168.30.254
C3560A(config-if)#standby 30 priority 150
C3560A(config-if)#standby 30 preempt
C3560A(config-if)#exit
##配置fa0/20-21端口为trunk
C3560A(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/20-21
C3560A(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
C3560A(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
C3560A(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C3560A(config-if-range)#exit
##配置fa0/24为三层接口连接上级路由(连接外网)
C3560A(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24
C3560A(config-if)#no switchport
C3560A(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0
C3560A(config-if)#exit
##开启路由功能
C3560A(config)#ip routing
##设置三层交换机默认出口路由
C3560A(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1
##显示与维护
C3560A#show standby brief
C3560A#show running-config
C3650B配置如下:
##创建VLAN10 VLAN20 VLAN30
C3560B>enable
C3560B#vlan database
C3560B(vlan)#vlan 10 name VLAN10
C3560B(vlan)#vlan 20 name VLAN20
C3560B(vlan)#vlan 30 name VLAN30
C3560B(vlan)#exit
##配置HSRP
C3560B#configure terminal
C3560B(config)#interface vlan 10
C3560B(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0
C3560B(config-if)#standby 10 ip 192.168.10.254
C3560B(config-if)#standby 10 priority 100
C3560B(config-if)#standby 10 preempt
C3560B(config-if)#exit
C3560B(config)#interface vlan 20
C3560B(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
C3560B(config-if)#standby 20 ip 192.168.20.254
C3560B(config-if)#standby 20 priority 100
C3560B(config-if)#standby 20 preempt
C3560B(config-if)#exit
C3560B(config)#interface vlan 30
C3560B(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0
C3560B(config-if)#standby 30 ip 192.168.30.254
C3560B(config-if)#standby 30 priority 100
C3560B(config-if)#standby 30 preempt
C3560B(config-if)#exit
##配置fa0/20-21端口为trunk
C3560B(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/20-21
C3560B(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
C3560B(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
C3560B(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C3560B(config-if-range)#exit
##配置fa0/24为三层接口连接上级路由(连接外网)
C3560B(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24
C3560B(config-if)#no switchport
C3560B(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0
C3560B(config-if)#exit
##开启路由功能
C3560B(config)#ip routing
##设置三层交换机默认出口路由
C3560B(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1
##显示与维护
C3560B#show standby brief
C3560B#show running-config
C2960_01配置如下:
C2960_01>enable
C2960_01#vlan database
C2960_01(vlan)#vlan 10 name VLAN10
C2960_01(vlan)#vlan 20 name VLAN20
C2960_01(vlan)#vlan 30 name VLAN30
C2960_01(vlan)#exit
C2960_01#configure terminal
C2960_01(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-5
C2960_01(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
C2960_01(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
C2960_01(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C2960_01(config-if-range)#exit
C2960_01(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/6-10
C2960_01(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 30
C2960_01(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
C2960_01(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C2960_01(config-if-range)#exit
C2960_01(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/23-24
C2960_01(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
C2960_01(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C2960_01(config-if-range)#exit
C2960_02配置如下:
C2960_02>enable
C2960_02#vlan database
C2960_02(vlan)#vlan 10 name VLAN10
C2960_02(vlan)#vlan 20 name VLAN20
C2960_02(vlan)#vlan 30 name VLAN30
C2960_02(vlan)#exit
C2960_02#configure terminal
C2960_02(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-5
C2960_02(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
C2960_02(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
C2960_02(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C2960_02(config-if-range)#exit
C2960_02(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/6-10
C2960_02(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 30
C2960_02(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
C2960_02(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C2960_02(config-if-range)#exit
C2960_02(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/23-24
C2960_02(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
C2960_02(config-if-range)#no shutdown
C2960_02(config-if-range)#exit