一、通知：即显示在手机下滑框的消息。
NotificationManager:通知管理器， 用来发送通知
有以下方法：
(NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE):获得NotificationManager
notify(int,Notification):发送通知，传入通知的id（每个通知都不能相同）和要发送的通知Notification.Builder:通知构建器，用来构建通知和设置通知各种参数
有以下方法：
new Notification.Builder(Context):构建一个Notification.Builder
builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher); //设置图标
builder.setTicker("小红给你发来了一条信息"); //显示最先在顶部收到的通知
builder.setContentTitle("通知"); //设置标题
builder.setContentText("点击查看详细内容"); //消息内容
builder.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()); //发送时间
builder.setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL); //设置默认的提示音，振动方式，光
builder.setAutoCancel(true);//打开程序后图标消失
builder.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)//设置小图标
builder.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())//设置通知的时间
//设置通知播放音频，指定路径下的音频
builder.setSound(Uri.fromFile(new File("音频路径")));
//设置通知振动：下标为偶数表示静止时长，奇数为振动时长，单位为毫秒
//需在注册地方声明权限:
//<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
long[] vibrates= {0,1000,1000,1000};//此时立即振动，然后静止一秒，再振动一次
builder.setVibrate(vibrates);
//设置通知响应的事件Activity,PendingIntent可以理解为延迟的Intent
Intent intent =new Intent (this,NotificationLayout.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent =PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent,0);
builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
//构建一条通知Notification
Notification notification=builder.build();Notification:通知类,通过Notification.Builder的build()方法获得
builder.build():构建一个Notification完整例子：
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()) {
case R.id.sendNotice:
NotificationManager manager=
(NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification.Builder builder=new Notification.Builder(this);
builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher); //设置图标
builder.setTicker("小红给你发来了一条信息"); //显示最先在顶部收到的通知
builder.setContentTitle("通知"); //设置标题
builder.setContentText("点击查看详细内容"); //消息内容
builder.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()); //发送时间
builder.setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL); //设置默认的提示音振动方式灯光
builder.setAutoCancel(true);//打开程序后图标消失
//设置通知播放音频，指定路径下的音频
builder.setSound(Uri.fromFile(new
File("/system/media/audio/ringtones/Basic_tone.ogg")));
//设置通知振动：下标为偶数表示静止时长，奇数为振动时长，单位为毫秒
//(需在注册地方声明权限:
//<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />)
long[] vibrates= {0,1000,1000,1000};//此时立即振动，然后静止一秒，再振动一次
builder.setVibrate(vibrates);
//设置通知响应的事件Activity,PendingIntent可以理解为延迟的Intent
Intent intent =new Intent (this,NotificationLayout.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent =PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent,0);
builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
Notification notification=builder.build();
manager.notify(1,notification);
}
}二、短信
发送短信和接收短信涉及权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />接收短信：当系统收到短信时会自动发送广播"android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"
1、自定义广播接收器类
class MessageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
//接收到系统短信广播进行的操作
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Bundle bundle=intent.getExtras();
Object[] pdus=(Object[])bundle.get("pdus"); //提取短信消息
SmsMessage[] message=new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
String format = intent.getStringExtra("format");
for(int i=0;i<message.length;i++) {
message[i]=SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])pdus[i],format);
}
String address=message[0].getOriginatingAddress();//获取发送方号码
String fullMessage="";
for(SmsMessage body:message) {
fullMessage+=body.getMessageBody();//获取短信内容
}
sender.setText(address);
content.setText(fullMessage);
}
}2、主活动onCreate()里注册广播接收器和onDestroy()取消注册广播接收器
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//接收短信部分
sender=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.sender);
content=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.content);
messageReceiver=new MessageReceiver();
intentfilter=new IntentFilter();
intentfilter.addAction("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
registerReceiver(messageReceiver, intentfilter);
}
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//取消注册接收信息的广播接收器
unregisterReceiver(messageReceiver);
} 发送短信：在onCreate()里利用SmsManager发送短信，增加了一个广播接收器判断短信是否发出
class sendStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
//接收发送广播状态的广播，进行判断
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if(this.getResultCode()==RESULT_OK) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Send succeed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else {
Toast.makeText(context, "Send failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//发送短信部分
to=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.to);
msgInput=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.input);
send=(Button)findViewById(R.id.send);
intentfilter=new IntentFilter();
intentfilter.addAction("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
sendStatusReceiver=new sendStatusReceiver();
registerReceiver(sendStatusReceiver,intentfilter);
send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SmsManager smsManager=SmsManager.getDefault();
Intent sendIntent=new Intent("SENT_SMS_ACTION");
PendingIntent pi=PendingIntent.getBroadcast(MainActivity.this, 0,
sendIntent, 0);
smsManager.sendTextMessage(to.getText().toString(), null,
msgInput.getText().toString(),pi, null);
}
});
}public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//取消注册接收发送信息状态变化的广播
unregisterReceiver(sendStatusReceiver);
}三、打开相机和打开相册：代码都有注释直接看代码
需要读权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />不需要写权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />布局文件：
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/LinearLayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.example.mediatest.MainActivity" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/choose_photo"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Choose photo" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/take_photo"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Take photo" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/picture"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />
</LinearLayout>
对应活动代码:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button takePhoto;
private Button choosePhoto;
private ImageView picture;
private Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
takePhoto=(Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
File outputPicture = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "why.jpg");
if (outputPicture.exists()) {//如果照片文件存在则删除
outputPicture.delete();
}
try {
outputPicture.createNewFile();//创建一个新照片文件
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//"android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE"用来隐式启动活动来启动相机
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputPicture);//将文件解析成Uri
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);//启动相机程序，并返回onActivityResult()方法
}
});
choosePhoto=(Button)findViewById(R.id.choose_photo);
choosePhoto.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//将活
Intent intent=new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*"); //设置启动类型为照片，此时结果为3对应活动打开相册
startActivityForResult(intent,3);
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int result, Intent data) {
switch (requestCode) {
//裁剪照片
case 1:
if(result==RESULT_OK) {
Intent intent=new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
//Data是指储存的数据（即当前照片的Uri）
//Type是启动的类型：目前为照片（一般在需要裁剪照片和启动相机时使用）
intent.setDataAndType(imageUri, "image/*");
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent,2);
}
//压缩照片并显示
case 2:
if (result == RESULT_OK) {
try {
//获取图片
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
//压缩图片在手机存储空间的内存
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 80, out);//80指保留80品质，压缩20品质
//显示照片
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
//打开相册
case 3:
if (result == RESULT_OK) {
//必须重写handleImageOnKitKat(Intent)和handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent)方法
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=19) {
//4.4（API 19）以上版本实现打开相册
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
}
else {
//4.4以下版本实现打开相册
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
}
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri=data.getData();
String imagePath=getImagePath(uri,null);
showImage(imagePath);
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
//获取资源定位符
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath=getImagePath(uri);
showImage(imagePath);
}
//解析Uri返回图片路径
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
private String getImagePath(Uri uri) {
//选择图片路径
String imagePath = null;
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
String id = docId.split(":")[1];
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
} else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
}
} else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
imagePath = uri.getPath();
}
return imagePath;
}
//子方法：根据Uri和selection返回图片路径
private String getImagePath(Uri externalContentUri, String selection) {
String path = null;
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(externalContentUri, null, selection, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
//根据图片路径显示图片
private void showImage(String imagePath) {
if (imagePath != null) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
/*
setlmageBitmap(Bitmap bm)：使用 Bitmap 位图设置该 ImageView 显示的图片。
setlmageDrawable(Drawable drawable)：使用 Drawable 对象设置该 ImageView 显示的图片。
setlmageResource(int resld)：使用图片资源ID设置该ImageView显示的图片。
setlmageURI(Uri uri)：使用图片的URI设置该ImageView显示的图片。
*/
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "没有找到对应图片", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
四、播放音频和视频
补充知识：
1、需要读取权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />2、获取系统内存根目录位置方法和SD卡根目录位置方法
//内存根目录获取方法：Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
//获取SD卡根路径方法：
public static String getSDPath(Context context) {
StorageManager mStorageManager = (StorageManager)
context.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE);
Class<?> storageVolumeClazz = null;
try {
storageVolumeClazz = Class.forName("android.os.storage.StorageVolume");
Method getVolumeList = mStorageManager.getClass().getMethod("getVolumeList");
Method getPath = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("getPath");
Method isRemovable = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("isRemovable");
Object result = getVolumeList.invoke(mStorageManager);
final int length = Array.getLength(result);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
Object storageVolumeElement = Array.get(result, i);
String path = (String) getPath.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
boolean removable = (Boolean) isRemovable.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
if (removable) {
return path;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}1、播放音频：使用MediaPlayer类
MediaPlayer类有以下方法：
setDataSource():设置播放音频文件位置
prepare():在开始播放前调用此方法完成准备工作
start():开始或继续播放音频
pause():暂停播放音频
reset():将MediaPlayer对象重置到刚刚创建状态
seekTo():从指定位置开始播放音频
stop():停止播放音频
release():释放掉与MediaPlayer对象相关资源
isPlaying():判断是否正在播放音频
getDuration():获取载入的音频文件时长
2、播放视频：使用VideoView类
VideoView类有以下方法：
setVideoPath():设置视频文件位置
start():开始或继续播放视频
pause():暂停播放视频
resume():将视频从头开始播放
seekTo():从指定位置开始播放视频
isPlaying():判断是否正在播放视频
getDuration():获取载入的视频文件时长
播放音频完整代码演示
public class MusicActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private Button play;
private Button pause;
private Button stop;
private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer=new MediaPlayer();
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.music);
play=(Button)findViewById(R.id.play);
pause=(Button)findViewById(R.id.pause);
stop=(Button)findViewById(R.id.stop);
play.setOnClickListener(this);
pause.setOnClickListener(this);
stop.setOnClickListener(this);
initMediaPlayer();
}
//获取SD卡根路径方法：
public static String getSDPath(Context context) {
StorageManager mStorageManager = (StorageManager) context.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE);
Class<?> storageVolumeClazz = null;
try {
storageVolumeClazz = Class.forName("android.os.storage.StorageVolume");
Method getVolumeList = mStorageManager.getClass().getMethod("getVolumeList");
Method getPath = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("getPath");
Method isRemovable = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("isRemovable");
Object result = getVolumeList.invoke(mStorageManager);
final int length = Array.getLength(result);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
Object storageVolumeElement = Array.get(result, i);
String path = (String) getPath.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
boolean removable = (Boolean) isRemovable.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
if (removable) {
return path;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()) {
case R.id.play:
if(!mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.start();
}break;
case R.id.pause:
if(mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.pause();
}break;
case R.id.stop:
if(mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.reset();
initMediaPlayer();
}break;
default:break;
}
}
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if(mediaPlayer!=null) {
mediaPlayer.stop();
mediaPlayer.release();
}
}
//初始化音频文件方法：设置音频位置，完成准备工作
private void initMediaPlayer() {
try {
File file=new File(getSDPath(this),"aiying.mp3");
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(file.getPath());
mediaPlayer.prepare();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
播放视频完整代码演示
public class VedioActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private VideoView videoView;
private Button play;
private Button pause;
private Button replay;
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.vedio);
videoView=(VideoView)findViewById(R.id.videoView1);
play=(Button)findViewById(R.id.play_vieo);
pause=(Button)findViewById(R.id.pause_vieo);
replay=(Button)findViewById(R.id.replay);
play.setOnClickListener(this);
pause.setOnClickListener(this);
replay.setOnClickListener(this);
initVideoPath();
}
private void initVideoPath() {
File file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"tiao.mp4");
videoView.setVideoPath(file.getPath());
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()) {
case R.id.play_vieo:
if(!videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.start();
}
break;
case R.id.pause_vieo:
if(videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.pause();
}
break;
case R.id.replay:
if(videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.resume();
}
break;
}
}
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if(videoView!=null) {
videoView.suspend();
}
}
}