捕获bash命令的输出，解析它并存储到不同的bash变量中

Explanation:

说明：

I have a small bash script which simply runs any Linux command (e.g. say ifconfig)

我有一个小的bash脚本，它只运行任何Linux命令（例如说ifconfig）

The typical output of ifconfig is something like this:

ifconfig的典型输出是这样的：

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 30:F7:0D:6D:34:CA
          inet addr:10.106.145.12  Bcast:10.106.145.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::32f7:dff:fe6d:34ca/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1104666 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2171 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:444437904 (423.8 MiB)  TX bytes:238380 (232.7 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:15900 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:15900 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:467306 (456.3 KiB)  TX bytes:467306 (456.3 KiB)

Now what most people usually do is store the entire output into a file/variable and parse based on that. I however want to know if there is anyway that I could put specific parts of the output in more than one variable (say a bash variable called ${IPETH0} to carry the IP address 10.106.145.12 from eth0 and ${IPLO} to carry the IP address 127.0.0.1 from lo in the above example without running ifconfig command twice).

现在大多数人通常会将整个输出存储到文件/变量中并根据它进行解析。然而，我想知道是否有可能将输出的特定部分放在多个变量中（比如一个名为$ {IPETH0}的bash变量来携带来自eth0的IP地址10.106.145.12和$ {IPLO}来携带在上面的示例中，来自lo的IP地址127.0.0.1没有运行ifconfig命令两次）。

Something like what tee command does with the input but I want to do this for the output and store the output into 2 or more variables in one go. Any ideas?

类似于tee命令对输入执行的操作，但我想对输出执行此操作，并将输出一次性存储到2个或更多变量中。有任何想法吗？

3 个解决方案

#1

$ read IPETH0 IPLO <<< $(ifconfig | awk '/inet[[:space:]]/ { print $2 }')
$ echo "${IPETH0}"
192.168.23.2
$ echo "${IPLO}"
127.0.0.1

This assumes the order of the eth0 and lo interfaces, but it shows the basic idea.

这假定了eth0和lo接口的顺序，但它显示了基本思想。

#2

You can use awk and bash arrays:

您可以使用awk和bash数组：

arr=( $(awk -F ':' '$1 == "inet addr"{sub(/ .*/, "", $2); print $2}' < <(ifconfig)) )

Then you can do:

然后你可以这样做：

read IPETH0 IPLO <<< ${arr[@]}

#3

you can read each line of ifconfig and set variables :

你可以读取ifconfig的每一行并设置变量：

while read l1 ;do 
   if [[ $l1 =~ inet ]];then     
      set -- $l1 
      echo  "ip is  $2  " 

   fi
done < <(ifconfig)

#1

$ read IPETH0 IPLO <<< $(ifconfig | awk '/inet[[:space:]]/ { print $2 }')
$ echo "${IPETH0}"
192.168.23.2
$ echo "${IPLO}"
127.0.0.1