原文地址:http://docode.top/Article/Detail/10002
目录:
2、完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件请求报文内容封装
3、asp.net(c#)使用HttpWebRequest携带请求参数模拟上传文件封装源码下载
一、Http协议上传文件(以图片为例)请求报文体内容格式
首先,我们来看下通过浏览器上传文件的请求报文内容格式,这里以本人自己写的实例为例,如下图。除了能上传图片(即:头像字段),还携带了用户名、密码两个字段,很好的诠释了http带参数上传文件的情形。点击提交按钮后,浏览器会将文件(即头像文件)二进制数据和用户名、密码以post方式发送至服务器。这时我们可以通过抓包工具(如:fiddler)(或者浏览器自带的开发者工具F12)查看请求报文内容。
通过抓包工具获取到携带参数上传文件请求报文体内容格式如下:
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POST /PostUploadHandler.ashx HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:44187 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 19839 Cache-Control: max-age=0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Origin: http://localhost:44187 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36 Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Referer: http://localhost:44187/UploadDemo.aspx Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8 ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userName" admin ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userPwd" 123456 ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Content-Disposition: form-data; name="photo"; filename="1.png" Content-Type: image/png <!--这一行是文件二进制数据--> ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB-- |
1、请求头中有一个Content-Type参数(默认值:application/x-www-form-urlencoded),其中multipart/form-data值表示向服务器发送二进制数据,boundary表示请求体的分界线,服务器就是依靠分界线分割请求体来读取数据,此参数值可自定义。
2、请求体依靠boundary有规则的排列参数。每一行字符串后面包含一个换行符“\r\n”,有一个开始分界线(--boundary)和一个结束分界线(--boundary--),参数与参数之间通过--boundary分离,每一个参数的键(key)和值(value)之间包含一个空行即:“\r\n"。
二、完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件请求报文内容封装
通过上面介绍,我们已经清楚了解了http协议上传文件的POST请求报文内容格式,在.net中使用HttpWebRequest上传文件,我们只要按照此格式封装请求报文,即可实现携带参数上传功能了。
为了方便扩展和维护,把所有请求参数(如上传地址url、携带参数、上传文件流等)封装到一个类中,代码如下:
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/// <summary> /// 上传文件 - 请求参数类 /// </summary> public class UploadParameterType
{ public UploadParameterType()
{
FileNameKey = "fileName" ;
Encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
PostParameters = new Dictionary< string , string >();
}
/// <summary>
/// 上传地址
/// </summary>
public string Url { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件名称key
/// </summary>
public string FileNameKey { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件名称value
/// </summary>
public string FileNameValue { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 编码格式
/// </summary>
public Encoding Encoding { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 上传文件的流
/// </summary>
public Stream UploadStream { get ; set ; }
/// <summary>
/// 上传文件 携带的参数集合
/// </summary>
public IDictionary< string , string > PostParameters { get ; set ; }
} |
新建一个上传文件工具类(命名为:HttpUploadClient),在类中增加上传方法(命名为:Execute),如下所示:
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/// <summary> /// Http上传文件类 - HttpWebRequest封装 /// </summary> public class HttpUploadClient
{ /// <summary>
/// 上传执行 方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameter">上传文件请求参数</param>
public static string Execute(UploadParameterType parameter)
{
}
static bool CheckValidationResult( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors)
{
return true ;
}
} |
Post上传请求体参数是二进制格式的,我们只需要将参数根据以上报文体内容格式拼接好数据,存放在内存流里面,拼接完整后,将整个内存流转换成二进制格式写入到HttpWebRequest请求体中就行,下面我们来一步一步的拼接报文体内容。
1、定义开始结束分界线boundary及拼接开始分界线:
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public static string Execute(UploadParameterType parameter)
{ using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
{
// 1.分界线
string boundary = string .Format( "----{0}" , DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString( "x" )), // 分界线可以自定义参数
beginBoundary = string .Format( "--{0}\r\n" , boundary),
endBoundary = string .Format( "\r\n--{0}--\r\n" , boundary);
byte [] beginBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(beginBoundary),
endBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary);
// 2.组装开始分界线数据体 到内存流中
memoryStream.Write(beginBoundaryBytes, 0, beginBoundaryBytes.Length);
// ……
}
} |
2、拼接附加携带参数:
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// 3.组装 上传文件附加携带的参数 到内存流中 if (parameter.PostParameters != null && parameter.PostParameters.Count > 0)
{ foreach (KeyValuePair< string , string > keyValuePair in parameter.PostParameters)
{
string parameterHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n{2}" , keyValuePair.Key, keyValuePair.Value, beginBoundary);
byte [] parameterHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(parameterHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(parameterHeaderBytes, 0, parameterHeaderBytes.Length);
}
} |
3、拼接上传文件体及结束分界线boundary(需要注意的是Content-Type的值是:application/octet-stream):
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// 4.组装文件头数据体 到内存流中 string fileHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n" , parameter.FileNameKey, parameter.FileNameValue);
byte [] fileHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(fileHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(fileHeaderBytes, 0, fileHeaderBytes.Length); // 5.组装文件流 到内存流中 byte [] buffer = new byte [1024 * 1024 * 1];
int size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
while (size > 0)
{ memoryStream.Write(buffer, 0, size);
size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
} // 6.组装结束分界线数据体 到内存流中 memoryStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length); |
4、通过以上步骤,上传文件请求体内容数据已经拼接完成,接下来就是对HttpWebRequest对象的属性设置(如:请求地址Url,请求方法Method,Content-Type等),把整个上传文件请求体内存流写入到HttpWebRequest对象的请求体中,然后发起上传请求。如下源码:
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// 7.获取二进制数据 byte [] postBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
// 8.HttpWebRequest 组装 HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create( new Uri(parameter.Url, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute));
webRequest.Method = "POST" ;
webRequest.Timeout = 10000; webRequest.ContentType = string .Format( "multipart/form-data; boundary={0}" , boundary);
webRequest.ContentLength = postBytes.Length; if (Regex.IsMatch(parameter.Url, "^https://" ))
{ ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls;
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = CheckValidationResult;
} // 9.写入上传请求数据 using (Stream requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream())
{ requestStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
requestStream.Close();
} // 10.获取响应 using (HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse())
{ using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream(), parameter.Encoding))
{
string body = reader.ReadToEnd();
reader.Close();
return body;
}
} |
完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件代码如下:
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/// <summary> /// Http上传文件类 - HttpWebRequest封装 /// </summary> public class HttpUploadClient
{ /// <summary>
/// 上传执行 方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameter">上传文件请求参数</param>
public static string Execute(UploadParameterType parameter)
{
using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
{
// 1.分界线
string boundary = string .Format( "----{0}" , DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString( "x" )), // 分界线可以自定义参数
beginBoundary = string .Format( "--{0}\r\n" , boundary),
endBoundary = string .Format( "\r\n--{0}--\r\n" , boundary);
byte [] beginBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(beginBoundary),
endBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary);
// 2.组装开始分界线数据体 到内存流中
memoryStream.Write(beginBoundaryBytes, 0, beginBoundaryBytes.Length);
// 3.组装 上传文件附加携带的参数 到内存流中
if (parameter.PostParameters != null && parameter.PostParameters.Count > 0)
{
foreach (KeyValuePair< string , string > keyValuePair in parameter.PostParameters)
{
string parameterHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n{2}" , keyValuePair.Key, keyValuePair.Value, beginBoundary);
byte [] parameterHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(parameterHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(parameterHeaderBytes, 0, parameterHeaderBytes.Length);
}
}
// 4.组装文件头数据体 到内存流中
string fileHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n" , parameter.FileNameKey, parameter.FileNameValue);
byte [] fileHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(fileHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(fileHeaderBytes, 0, fileHeaderBytes.Length);
// 5.组装文件流 到内存流中
byte [] buffer = new byte [1024 * 1024 * 1];
int size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
while (size > 0)
{
memoryStream.Write(buffer, 0, size);
size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
// 6.组装结束分界线数据体 到内存流中
memoryStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length);
// 7.获取二进制数据
byte [] postBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
// 8.HttpWebRequest 组装
HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create( new Uri(parameter.Url, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute));
webRequest.Method = "POST" ;
webRequest.Timeout = 10000;
webRequest.ContentType = string .Format( "multipart/form-data; boundary={0}" , boundary);
webRequest.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
if (Regex.IsMatch(parameter.Url, "^https://" ))
{
ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls;
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = CheckValidationResult;
}
// 9.写入上传请求数据
using (Stream requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
requestStream.Close();
}
// 10.获取响应
using (HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse())
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream(), parameter.Encoding))
{
string body = reader.ReadToEnd();
reader.Close();
return body;
}
}
}
}
static bool CheckValidationResult( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors)
{
return true ;
}
} |
为了验证封装是否正确,可以写一个控制台应用程序来模拟Http协议上传文件(以图片为例),结果如图: