题目链接:
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=3555
Bomb
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 131072/65536 K (Java/Others)
#### 问题描述
> The counter-terrorists found a time bomb in the dust. But this time the terrorists improve on the time bomb. The number sequence of the time bomb counts from 1 to N. If the current number sequence includes the sub-sequence "49", the power of the blast would add one point.
> Now the counter-terrorist knows the number N. They want to know the final points of the power. Can you help them?
#### 输入
> The first line of input consists of an integer T (1
> The input terminates by end of file marker.
#### 输出
> For each test case, output an integer indicating the final points of the power.
#### 样例
> **sample input**
> 3
> 1
> 50
> 500
>
> **sample output**
> 0
> 1
> 15
题意
给你一个数n,求1到n里面有多少个数其中存在子串49的。
题解
数位dp。
代码
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 20;
typedef long long LL;
//dp[len][0]表示长度<=len,且不包含49的总数
//dp[len][1]表示长度<=len,且以9结尾但不包含49的总数
//dp[len][2]表示长度<=len,且包好49的总数
//dp[len][0]+dp[len][2]=所有长度小于等于len的数。
//dp[len][1]是dp[len][0]的一个子集。
LL dp[maxn][3];
void pre() {
memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
dp[0][0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < maxn; i++) {
dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] * 10 - dp[i - 1][1];
dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][0];
dp[i][2] = dp[i - 1][2] * 10 + dp[i - 1][1];
}
}
int main() {
pre();
int tc;
scanf("%d", &tc);
while (tc--) {
LL x; scanf("%I64d", &x);
LL ans = 0;
int arr[maxn], tot=0;
while (x) { arr[++tot]=x%10; x /= 10; }
bool flag = false; //标记x的高位时否已经出现49的组合。
for (int i = tot; i >= 1; i--) {
//这时考虑的是高位已经固定,这一位数为0(是可以有0的,因为高位还会有数,虽然最高位后面每数了,但它统计的是<=len,
//而不是==len!!!)到arr[i]-1的所有情况中包好49的数
ans += dp[i-1][2] * arr[i];
if (flag) ans += dp[i-1][0] * arr[i];
else if (arr[i] > 4) {//如果4刚好是arr[i],那也是不能乱搞的!边界情况我们会一直往后推来考虑
ans += dp[i - 1][1];
}
if (i + 1 <= tot&&arr[i] == 9 && arr[i + 1] == 4) {
flag = 1;
}
}
if (flag) ans++;
printf("%I64d\n", ans);
}
return 0;
}
再来一发dfs:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 20;
typedef __int64 LL;
//dp[len][0]是给第len+1位不为4的时候用的
//dp[len][1]是给第len+1位为4的时候用的(有点像私人订制)
//我们只保存没有限制的状态,对于有限制的状态每次都要算,不过没有限制的状态出现的要不有限制的多的多。
LL dp[maxn][2],ten[maxn];
LL n;
int arr[maxn];
LL dfs(int len, int is4, int ismax) {
if (len == 0) return 0;
if (!ismax&&dp[len][is4] >= 0) return dp[len][is4];
LL res = 0;
int ed = ismax ? arr[len] : 9;
for (int i = 0; i <= ed; i++) {
if (i == 9 && is4) {
//这里是可以直接算的哦
res += ismax ? (n%ten[len - 1] + 1) : ten[len - 1];
}
else {
res += dfs(len - 1, i == 4, ismax&&i == ed);
}
}
return ismax ? res : dp[len][is4] = res;
}
LL solve(LL x) {
int tot = 0;
while (x) { arr[++tot] = x % 10; x /= 10; }
return dfs(tot, false, true);
}
void init() {
memset(dp, -1, sizeof(dp));
ten[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < maxn; i++) ten[i] = ten[i - 1] * 10;
}
int main() {
int tc;
scanf("%d", &tc);
init();
while (tc--) {
scanf("%I64d", &n);
printf("%I64d\n", solve(n));
}
return 0;
}
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