如何将当前git分支的名称转换为shell脚本中的变量?(复制)

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How to programmatically determine the current checked out Git branch 20 answers
如何以编程方式确定当前签出的Git分支20的答案

I am new to shell scripting and can't figure this out. If you are unfamiliar, the command git branch returns something like

我是shell脚本的新手，我不知道这一点。如果您不熟悉，命令git分支会返回一些类似的东西。

* develop
  master

, where the asterisk marks the currently checked out branch. When I run the following in the terminal:

，星号标记当前签出的分支。当我在终端机上运行如下:

git branch | grep "*"

I get:

我得到:

* develop

as expected.

像预期的那样。

However, when I run

然而,当我运行

test=$(git branch | grep "*")

或

test=`git branch | grep "*"`

And then

然后

echo $test

, the result is just a list of files in the directory. How do we make the value of test="* develop"?

，结果就是目录中的文件列表。如何使测试的值="* development "?

Then the next step (once we get "* develop" into a variable called test), is to get the substring. Would that just be the following?

然后下一步(一旦我们将“*”开发成一个名为test的变量)，就是获取子字符串。会是这样吗?

currentBranch=${test:2}

I was playing around with that substring function and I got "bad substitution" errors a lot and don't know why.

我在玩子串函数，我有很多错误的替换错误，不知道为什么。

6 个解决方案

#1

The * is expanded, what you can do is use sed instead of grep and get the name of the branch immediately:

扩展了*，您可以使用sed而不是grep，并立即获得分支的名称:

branch=$(git branch | sed -n -e 's/^\* \(.*\)/\1/p')

And a version using git symbolic-ref, as suggested by Noufal Ibrahim

和一个版本使用git symbolic-ref，由Noufal Ibrahim建议

branch=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD | sed -e 's,.*/\(.*\),\1,')

To elaborate on the expansion, (as marco already did,) the expansion happens in the echo, when you do echo $test with $test containing "* master" then the * is expanded according to the normal expansion rules. To suppress this one would have to quote the variable, as shown by marco: echo "$test". Alternatively, if you get rid of the asterisk before you echo it, all will be fine, e.g. echo ${test:2} will just echo "master". Alternatively you could assign it anew as you already proposed:

要详细说明扩展，(如marco所做的)，扩展发生在echo中，当您使用包含“* master”的$test进行echo $test时，*会根据正常的扩展规则进行扩展。要抑制这个变量，必须引用变量，如marco: echo“$test”所示。或者，如果您在回显之前去掉了星号，那么一切都会好起来，例如echo ${test:2}只回显“master”。或者，你可以按照你已经提出的建议重新分配它:

branch=${test:2}
echo $branch

This will echo "master", like you wanted.

这将呼应“master”，就像你想要的那样。

#2

Expanding on Noufal Ibrahim's answer, use the --short flag with git-symbolic-ref, no need to fuss with sed.

根据Noufal Ibrahim的回答，使用带有git-symbolic-ref的短旗，无需对sed大惊小怪。

I've been using something like this in hooks and it works well:

我一直在用类似的东西做钩子，效果很好:

#!/bin/bash

branch=$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)

echo
echo "**** Running post-commit hook from branch $branch"
echo

That outputs "**** Running post-commit hook from branch master"

输出“****运行后分支主挂起”

Note that git-symbolic-ref only works if you're in a repository. Luckily .git/HEAD, as a leftover from Git's early days, contains the same symbolic ref. If you want to get the active branch of several git repositories, without traversing directories, you could use a bash one-liner like this:

请注意，git-symbolic-ref仅在存储库中才能工作。幸运的是，Git /HEAD作为Git早期遗留的内容，包含相同的符号引用。

for repo in */.git; do branch=$(cat $repo/HEAD); echo ${repo%/.git} :  ${branch##*/}; done

Which outputs something like:

输出类似:

repo1 : master  
repo2 : dev  
repo3 : issue12

If you want to go further, the full ref contained in .git/HEAD is also a relative path to a file containing the SHA-1 hash of the branch's last commit.

如果您想更进一步，.git/HEAD中包含的完整的ref也是包含分支最后提交的SHA-1散列的文件的相对路径。

#3

I would use the git-symbolic-ref command in the git core. If you say git-symbolic-ref HEAD, you will get the name of the current branch.

我将在git核心中使用git- symbolicref命令。如果您使用git-symbolic-ref头，您将得到当前分支的名称。

#4

I use this git describe --contains --all HEAD in my git helper scripts

我使用git描述——包含——在我的git助手脚本中

example:

例子:

#!/bin/bash
branchname=$(git describe --contains --all HEAD)
git pull --rebase origin $branchname

I have that in a file called gpull in ~/scripts

我有一个叫做gpull in ~/scripts的文件

#5

The problem relies on:

问题依赖于:

echo $test

In fact the variable test contains a wildcard which is expanded by the shell. To avoid that just protect $test with double quotes:

实际上，变量测试包含由shell展开的通配符。为了避免这种情况，只需使用双引号保护$test:

echo "$test"

#6

disable subshell glob expansion,

禁用子shell水珠扩张,

test=$(set -f; git branch)

#1