规划
master 192.168.56.2
slave 192.168.56.5
1、在主库上,设置一个复制使用的账户rep1,并授予REPLICATION SLAVE权限。
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mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep1' @ '192.168.56.2' identified by '123456' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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2、修改主数据库服务器的配置文件my.cnf,开启BINLOG,并设置server-id的值。这两个参数的修改需要重新启动数据库服务才可以生效。
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=/home/mysql/log/mysql-bin.log
server-id=1
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3、在主库上,设置读锁定有效,这个操作是为了确保没有数据库操作,以便获得一个一致性的快照。
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mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
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4、得到主库上当前的二进制日志名和偏移量值。这个操作的目的是为了从数据库启动以后,从这个点开始进行数据的恢复。
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mysql> show master status;
+ -----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+ -----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysqlbin.000021 | 120 | | | |
+ -----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
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5、现在主数据库服务器已经停止了更新操作,需要生成主数据库的备份,备份的方式有很多种,可以直接在操作系统下复制全部的数据文件到从数据库服务器上,也可以通过mysqldump导出数据或者使用ibbackup工具进行数据库的备份。如果主数据库的服务可以停止,那么直接复制数据文件应该是最快的生成快照的方法:
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[root@rhel6 lib] # tar -zcvf mysql.tar.gz mysql
mysql/
tar : mysql /mysql .sock: socket ignored
mysql /mysqlbin .000019
mysql /test1/
mysql /test1/db .opt
mysql /test1/pack .MYD
mysql /test1/myisam2 .frm
mysql /test1/emp .ibd
mysql /test1/mer_myisam .MRG
mysql /test1/emp .frm
mysql /test1/pri_t .TRG
....
传到从数据库
[root@rhel6 lib] # scp mysql.tar.gz root@192.168.56.5:/root
root@192.168.56.5's password:
mysql. tar .gz 100% 1402KB 1.4MB /s 00:00
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6、主数据库备份完毕后可恢复写操作,剩下的只需要在从库上执行
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mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
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7、将主数据库的一致性备份恢复到从数据库上。如果是使用.tar.gz打包的文件包,只需要解开到相应的目录即可。
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tar -zxvf mysql. tar .gz
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8、修改从数据库的配置文件my.cnf,增加server-id参数。注意server-id的值必须是唯一的,不能和主数据库的配置相同,如果有多个从数据库服务器,每个从数据库服务器必须有自己唯一的server-id值。
vi my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2
9、在从库上,使用--skip-slave-start选项启动数据库,这样不会立即启动从数据库服务上的复制进程,方便我们对从数据库的服务进行进一步的配置(可选)
mysqld_safe --skip-slave-start &
或者修改my.cnf,添加skip-slave-start参数,service mysql start
10、对从数据库服务器做相应设置,指定复制使用的用户,主数据库服务器的IP、端口以及开始执行复制的日志文件和位置等
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mysql> change master to
-> master_host= '192.168.56.2' ,
-> master_user= 'rep1' ,
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_password= '123456' ,
-> master_log_file= 'mysqlbin.000021' ,
-> master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec)
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11、在从库上,启动slave线程
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mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
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12、从库上查看进程
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mysql> show processlist \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 1
User : root
Host: localhost
db: zx
Command: Query
Time : 0
State: init
Info: show processlist
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 4
User : system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time : 1484
State: Waiting for master to send event
Info: NULL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Id: 5
User : system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time : 739
State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Info: NULL
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.2
Master_User: rep1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysqlbin.000021
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 652
Relay_Log_File: rhel6-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 814
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysqlbin.000021
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 652
Relay_Log_Space: 987
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 3743271b-aa6d-11e6-aa2e-080027e5f5dd
Master_Info_File: /mysqldata/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running全部为YES才算搭建成功。如果出错查看报错原因。我搭建时遇到的两个错误:
(1)Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
原因:搭建时把主库整个目录复制过来的,主库和从库的UUID一致了,修改从库的UUID即可。
方法:修改$datadir/auto.cnf,按照16进制格式随便改一下,重启mysql即可。
(2)Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
原因:配置change master to时把master_log_file配置错误
方法:change master to master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021';start slave;即可。
13、测试复制的正确性
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主库
mysql> create database zx;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> use zx;
Database changed
mysql> create table t(id int );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> insert into t values (1),(2),(3);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
从库
mysql> show databases;
+ --------------------+
| Database |
+ --------------------+
| information_schema |
| data |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test1 |
| zx |
+ --------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use zx
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from t;
+ ------+
| id |
+ ------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+ ------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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