原文:重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (19) - 动画: 线性动画, 关键帧动画, 缓动动画
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (19) - 动画: 线性动画, 关键帧动画, 缓动动画
作者：webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps 之 动画
- 线性动画 - 共有 3 种: ColorAnimation, DoubleAnimation, PointAnimation, 它们均继承自 Timeline
- 关键帧动画 - 共有 4 种：ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames, DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames, PointAnimationUsingKeyFrames, ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames 它们均继承自 Timeline
- 缓动动画 - easing
示例
1、演示线性动画的应用
Animation/LinearAnimation.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Animation.LinearAnimation"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Animation"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent">
<!--
线性动画一共有 3 种：ColorAnimation, DoubleAnimation, PointAnimation, 它们均继承自 Timeline Storyboard.TargetName - 附加属性，要进行动画处理的对象的名称
Storyboard.TargetProperty - 附加属性，要进行动画处理的对象的属性
BeginTime - 时间线在被触发 BeginTime 的时间后才能开始播放
TimeSpan - [-][日.]时:分:秒[.1位到7为的秒后的小数]（可为正；可为负；可为空；默认值为 0）
From - 动画的起始值
To - 动画的结束值
By - 动画从起始值开始计算，所需变化的总量（To 优先于 By）
Duration - 时间线的持续时间
TimeSpan - [-][日.]时:分:秒[.1位到7为的秒后的小数]
Automatic - 自动确定
Forever - 无限长
AutoReverse - 动画完成后是否要原路返回。默认值为 false
RepeatBehavior - 动画重复播放的时间、次数或类型
TimeSpan - [-][日.]时:分:秒[.1位到7为的秒后的小数]
nx - 播放次数。1x, 2x, 3x
Forever - 永久播放
SpeedRatio - 时间线的速率的倍数。默认值 1
FillBehavior - 动画结束后的行为（System.Windows.Media.Animation.FillBehavior 枚举）
FillBehavior.HoldEnd - 动画结束后，UI 保留动画后的状态。默认值
FillBehavior.Stop - 动画结束后，UI 恢复为动画前的状态 注意：
1、在 WinRT 中为了流畅的体验，部分动画被优化成了“独立动画”，即动画不依赖于 UI 线程
2、但是也有一部分动画无法优化成“独立动画”，我们把这类动画称作“依赖动画”，其需要在 UI 线程上运行
3、通过将 EnableDependentAnimation 设置为 true（默认为 false），开启“依赖动画”
4、通过将 Timeline.AllowDependentAnimations 设置为 false（默认为 true），可以全局禁止开启“依赖动画” Independent Animation - 独立动画
Dependent Animation - 依赖动画
-->
<Grid.Resources>
<BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboardColor">
<Storyboard>
<!--Color 值线性动画-->
<!--
动画要修改的属性是 Ellipse.Fill，动画后的结果值会赋予 SolidColorBrush.Color，然后 SolidColorBrush 就是动画后 Fill 属性的值
类似的比如：(UIElement.RenderTransform).(CompositeTransform.TranslateY) 以及 (UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[0].(ScaleTransform.ScaleX) 等
-->
<ColorAnimation
Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Ellipse.Fill).(SolidColorBrush.Color)"
BeginTime="00:00:00"
From="Red"
To="Yellow"
Duration="0:0:3"
AutoReverse="true"
RepeatBehavior="3x">
</ColorAnimation>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard> <BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboardDouble">
<Storyboard>
<!--Double 值线性动画-->
<!--
动画要修改的属性是 Canvas.Left
-->
<DoubleAnimation
Storyboard.TargetName="rectangle"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Canvas.Left)"
From="100"
By="100"
BeginTime="0:0:0"
Duration="00:00:03"
AutoReverse="true"
RepeatBehavior="Forever">
</DoubleAnimation>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard> <BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboardPoint">
<Storyboard>
<!--Point 值线性动画-->
<PointAnimation
EnableDependentAnimation="True"
Storyboard.TargetName="ellipseGeometry"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Center"
BeginTime="00:00:00"
From="50,50"
To="200,200"
Duration="00:00:03"
AutoReverse="true"
RepeatBehavior="Forever">
</PointAnimation>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Grid.Resources> <StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0"> <Ellipse x:Name="ellipse" Fill="Orange" Width="200" Height="100" HorizontalAlignment="Left" /> <Canvas Width="400" Height="100" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0 10 0 0">
<Rectangle x:Name="rectangle" Fill="Orange" Width="200" Height="100" Canvas.Left="100" />
</Canvas> <Path Fill="Orange">
<Path.Data>
<EllipseGeometry x:Name="ellipseGeometry" Center="50,50" RadiusX="15" RadiusY="15" />
</Path.Data>
</Path> </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
2、演示关键帧动画的应用
Animation/KeyFrameAnimation.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Animation.KeyFrameAnimation"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Animation"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0"> <!--
关键帧动画一共有 4 种：
ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames, DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames, PointAnimationUsingKeyFrames, ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames 它们均继承自 Timeline ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames, DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames, PointAnimationUsingKeyFrames 中的 KeyFrame 支持：
LinearColorKeyFrame, DiscreteColorKeyFrame, SplineColorKeyFrame, EasingColorKeyFrame ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames 中的 KeyFrame 支持：
DiscreteObjectKeyFrame Linear 代表线性，Discrete 代表离散，Spline 代表三次贝塞尔曲线，Easing 代表缓动 Value - 关键帧的目标值
KeyTime - 到达关键帧目标值的时间
KeySpline - 三次贝塞尔曲线的两个控制点：x1,y1 x2,y2（该三次贝塞尔曲线的起点为0,0，终点为1,1）
--> <Grid Margin="5" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
<Grid.Resources>
<BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboardColor">
<Storyboard>
<ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="solidColorBrush" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" Duration="0:0:10">
<LinearColorKeyFrame Value="Green" KeyTime="0:0:3" />
<DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Blue" KeyTime="0:0:4" />
<SplineColorKeyFrame Value="Red" KeySpline="0.6,0.0 0.9,0.00" KeyTime="0:0:6" />
<EasingColorKeyFrame Value="Orange" KeyTime="0:0:8">
<EasingColorKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
<ElasticEase EasingMode="EaseInOut" />
</EasingColorKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
</EasingColorKeyFrame>
</ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Grid.Resources>
<Rectangle Width="100" Height="50">
<Rectangle.Fill>
<SolidColorBrush x:Name="solidColorBrush" Color="Red" />
</Rectangle.Fill>
</Rectangle>
</Grid> <Grid Margin="5" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
<Grid.Resources>
<BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboardDouble">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="translateTransform" Storyboard.TargetProperty="X" Duration="0:0:10">
<LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value="500" KeyTime="0:0:3" />
<DiscreteDoubleKeyFrame Value="400" KeyTime="0:0:4" />
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame Value="300" KeySpline="0.6,0.0 0.9,0.00" KeyTime="0:0:6" />
<EasingDoubleKeyFrame Value="200" KeyTime="0:0:8">
<EasingDoubleKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
<ElasticEase EasingMode="EaseInOut" />
</EasingDoubleKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
</EasingDoubleKeyFrame>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Grid.Resources>
<Rectangle Fill="Red" Width="100" Height="50">
<Rectangle.RenderTransform>
<TranslateTransform x:Name="translateTransform" X="0" Y="0" />
</Rectangle.RenderTransform>
</Rectangle>
</Grid> <Grid Margin="5" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
<Grid.Resources>
<BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboardPoint">
<Storyboard>
<PointAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="ellipseGeometry" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Center" Duration="0:0:10"
EnableDependentAnimation="True">
<LinearPointKeyFrame Value="100,100" KeyTime="0:0:3" />
<DiscretePointKeyFrame Value="200,200" KeyTime="0:0:4" />
<SplinePointKeyFrame Value="300,300" KeySpline="0.6,0.0 0.9,0.00" KeyTime="0:0:6" />
<EasingPointKeyFrame Value="400,400" KeyTime="0:0:8">
<EasingPointKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
<ElasticEase EasingMode="EaseInOut" />
</EasingPointKeyFrame.EasingFunction>
</EasingPointKeyFrame>
</PointAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Grid.Resources>
<Path Fill="Red">
<Path.Data>
<EllipseGeometry x:Name="ellipseGeometry" Center="50,50" RadiusX="15" RadiusY="15" />
</Path.Data>
</Path>
</Grid> <Grid Margin="5" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
<Grid.Resources>
<BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboardObject">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="textBlock" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Text" Duration="0:0:10">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:1" Value="w" />
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:2" Value="we" />
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:3" Value="web" />
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:4" Value="weba" />
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:5" Value="webab" />
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:6" Value="webabc" />
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:7" Value="webabcd" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Grid.Resources>
<TextBlock x:Name="textBlock" Width="200" FontSize="26.667" Text="" />
</Grid> </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
3、演示缓动动画的应用
Animation/EasingAnimation.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Animation.EasingAnimation"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Animation"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0"> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<TextBlock FontSize="26.667" Text="Easing Function:" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
<!-- 用于选择 Easing Function -->
<ComboBox x:Name="cboEasingFunction" SelectionChanged="cboEasingFunction_SelectionChanged_1" Margin="10 0 0 0">
<ComboBoxItem>BackEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>BounceEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>CircleEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>CubicEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>ElasticEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>ExponentialEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>PowerEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>QuadraticEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>QuarticEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>QuinticEase</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>SineEase</ComboBoxItem>
</ComboBox>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="10 0 0 0">
<TextBlock FontSize="26.667" Text="Easing Mode:" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
<ComboBox x:Name="cboEasingMode" SelectionChanged="cboEasingMode_SelectionChanged_1" Margin="10 0 0 0">
<!-- 用于选择 Easing Mode -->
<ComboBoxItem>EaseIn</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>EaseOut</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>EaseInOut</ComboBoxItem>
</ComboBox>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0 30 0 0">
<StackPanel.Resources>
<Storyboard x:Name="storyboard">
<!-- 用于演示缓动动画的效果 -->
<DoubleAnimation x:Name="aniEasingDemo"
Storyboard.TargetName="easingDemo"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Canvas.Left)"
Duration="0:0:3"
RepeatBehavior="Forever"
From="0"
To="300" /> <!-- 用一个球显示缓动轨迹（X 轴代表时间） -->
<DoubleAnimation x:Name="aniBallX"
Storyboard.TargetName="ball"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Canvas.Left)"
Duration="0:0:3"
RepeatBehavior="Forever"
From="0"
To="100" /> <!-- 用一个球显示缓动轨迹（Y 轴代表当前时间点的缓动结果值） -->
<DoubleAnimation x:Name="aniBallY"
Storyboard.TargetName="ball"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Canvas.Top)"
Duration="0:0:3"
RepeatBehavior="Forever"
From="0"
To="100" />
</Storyboard>
</StackPanel.Resources>
<StackPanel>
<Canvas Name="graphContainer" RenderTransformOrigin="0,0.5" Height="100" Width="100">
<Canvas.RenderTransform>
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="-1" />
</Canvas.RenderTransform> <!-- 用于显示缓动曲线 -->
<Canvas Name="graph" /> <!-- 缓动曲线的 X 轴和 Y 轴 -->
<Line X1="0" Y1="0" X2="0" Y2="100" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="1" Width="1" Height="100" />
<Line X1="0" Y1="0" X2="100" Y2="1" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="1" Width="100" Height="1" /> <!-- 用一个球显示缓动轨迹 -->
<Ellipse Name="ball" Fill="Orange" Width="5" Height="5" />
</Canvas>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Margin="30 0 0 0">
<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1">
<Canvas Width="400" Height="100">
<!-- 用于演示缓动动画的效果 -->
<Rectangle Name="easingDemo" Width="100" Height="100" Fill="Blue" />
</Canvas>
</Border>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel> </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
Animation/EasingAnimation.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示缓动（easing）的应用
*
* WinRT 支持 11 种经典的缓动：
* BackEase, BounceEase, CircleEase, CubicEase, ElasticEase, ExponentialEase, PowerEase, QuadraticEase, QuarticEase, QuinticEase, SineEase
*
* EasingMode 有 3 种：
* EaseIn, EaseOut, EaseInOut
*/ using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.UI;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media.Animation;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Shapes; namespace XamlDemo.Animation
{
public sealed partial class EasingAnimation : Page
{
public EasingAnimation()
{
this.InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += EasingAnimation_Loaded;
} void EasingAnimation_Loaded(object sender, Windows.UI.Xaml.RoutedEventArgs e)
{
cboEasingFunction.SelectedIndex = ;
cboEasingMode.SelectedIndex = ;
} private void cboEasingFunction_SelectionChanged_1(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
EasingChanged();
} private void cboEasingMode_SelectionChanged_1(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
EasingChanged();
} private void EasingChanged()
{
if (cboEasingFunction.SelectedIndex == - || cboEasingMode.SelectedIndex == -)
return; storyboard.Stop(); EasingFunctionBase easingFunction = null; // 确定 Easing Function
switch ((cboEasingFunction.SelectedItem as ComboBoxItem).Content.ToString())
{
case "BackEase":
// Amplitude - 幅度，必须大于等于 0，默认值 1
easingFunction = new BackEase() { Amplitude = };
break;
case "BounceEase":
// Bounces - 弹跳次数，必须大于等于 0，默认值 3
// Bounciness - 弹跳程度，必须是正数，默认值 2
easingFunction = new BounceEase() { Bounces = , Bounciness = };
break;
case "CircleEase":
easingFunction = new CircleEase();
break;
case "CubicEase":
easingFunction = new CubicEase();
break;
case "ElasticEase":
// Oscillations - 来回滑动的次数，必须大于等于 0，默认值 3
// Springiness - 弹簧的弹度，必须是正数，默认值 3
easingFunction = new ElasticEase() { Oscillations = , Springiness = };
break;
case "ExponentialEase":
easingFunction = new ExponentialEase();
break;
case "PowerEase":
easingFunction = new PowerEase();
break;
case "QuadraticEase":
easingFunction = new QuadraticEase();
break;
case "QuarticEase":
easingFunction = new QuarticEase();
break;
case "QuinticEase":
easingFunction = new QuinticEase();
break;
case "SineEase":
easingFunction = new SineEase();
break;
default:
break;
} // 确定 Easing Mode
switch ((cboEasingMode.SelectedItem as ComboBoxItem).Content.ToString())
{
case "EaseIn":
easingFunction.EasingMode = EasingMode.EaseIn;
break;
case "EaseOut":
easingFunction.EasingMode = EasingMode.EaseOut;
break;
case "EaseInOut":
easingFunction.EasingMode = EasingMode.EaseInOut;
break;
default:
break;
} // 用于演示缓动效果
aniEasingDemo.EasingFunction = easingFunction;
// 用于演示缓动轨迹
aniBallY.EasingFunction = easingFunction; // 画出当前缓动的曲线图
DrawEasingGraph(easingFunction); storyboard.Begin();
} /// <summary>
/// 绘制指定的 easing 的曲线图
/// </summary>
private void DrawEasingGraph(EasingFunctionBase easingFunction)
{
graph.Children.Clear(); Path path = new Path();
PathGeometry pathGeometry = new PathGeometry();
PathFigure pathFigure = new PathFigure() { StartPoint = new Point(, ) };
PathSegmentCollection pathSegmentCollection = new PathSegmentCollection(); // 0 - 1 之间每隔 0.005 计算出一段 LineSegment，用于显示此 0.005 时间段内的缓动曲线
for (double i = ; i < ; i += 0.005)
{
double x = i * graphContainer.Width;
double y = easingFunction.Ease(i) * graphContainer.Height; LineSegment segment = new LineSegment();
segment.Point = new Point(x, y);
pathSegmentCollection.Add(segment);
} pathFigure.Segments = pathSegmentCollection;
pathGeometry.Figures.Add(pathFigure);
path.Data = pathGeometry;
path.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);
path.StrokeThickness = ; graph.Children.Add(path);
}
}
}
OK
[源码下载]