python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

时间:2022-04-29 00:37:27

昨日内容回顾

1. 为什么要做前后端分离?
- 前后端交给不同的人来编写,职责划分明确。
- API (IOS,安卓,PC,微信小程序...)
- vue.js等框架编写前端时,会比之前写jQuery更简单快捷。 2. 简述http协议?
- 基于socket
- 数据格式:
"GET /index?name=123&age=19 http1.1\r\nhost:www.luffyciti.com\r\ncontent-type:application/json...\r\n\r\n" "POST /index http1.1\r\nhost:www.luffyciti.com\r\ncontent-type:application/json...\r\n\r\n{name:'alex',age:18}" "POST /index http1.1\r\nhost:www.luffyciti.com\r\ncontent-type:application/enform.....\r\n\r\nname=alex&age=18&xx=19" - 无状态短链接
一次请求一次响应之后断开连接 3. 简述restful 规范?
https://www.luffycity.com/api/v1/courses/?sub_category=0
https://www.luffycity.com/api/v1/courses/?sub_category=0
看上面一段url,可以说出5个
1. 使用https代替http 2.在URL中体现自己写的是API 3. 在URL中体现版本 4. 使用名词 5.参数要合理
之后,请求方式,响应信息。可以说后面5个
6. 根据请求方式不同,处理不同的操作 7.返回状态码 8.返回错误信息 9. 返回code 10.hyper link(超链接) 4. django rest framework组件的作用?
- 快速实现符合restful 规范的api 5. 列举django rest framework组件(10个)?
- 版本
- 权限
- 认证
- 节流
- 分页
- 解析器
- 序列化
- 视图
- 路由
- 渲染器 6. 路飞的表结构
a. 课程分类
- 课程大类
- 课程子类
b. 学位课
- 学位课
- 奖学金
- 老师
c. 专题课 or 学位课模块
- 专题课 or 学位课模块
- 课程详细
- 课程大纲
- 常见问题
- 章节
- 课时
- 作业
d. 价格
- 价格策略 7. django contenttypes组件的作用?
为了解决一张表和多个表做外键关联

上面都是面试题

列举django rest framework的10个组件,可以根据django请求生命周期来记

1. 请求路径包含版本,请求先到达路由,2.进入组件。认证,权限,节流。3.到达视图,获取参数,使用解析器。4.获取数据库记录,做序列化返回。
5.数据太多,要做分页,返回给用户之后,要做渲染,利用渲染器。

一、作业讲解

下面代码:
https://github.com/987334176/luffycity/archive/v1.zip

修改models.py

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.db.models import Q
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from django.db import models
import hashlib # ######################## 课程相关 ######################## class CourseCategory(models.Model):
"""课程大类, e.g 前端 后端..."""
name = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True) def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.name class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "01.课程大类" class CourseSubCategory(models.Model):
"""课程子类, e.g python linux """
category = models.ForeignKey("CourseCategory")
name = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True) def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.name class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "02.课程子类" class DegreeCourse(models.Model):
"""学位课程"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
course_img = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="缩略图")
brief = models.TextField(verbose_name="学位课程简介", )
total_scholarship = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name="总奖学金(贝里)", default=40000) # 2000 2000
mentor_compensation_bonus = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name="本课程的导师辅导费用(贝里)", default=15000)
period = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name="建议学习周期(days)", default=150) # 为了计算学位奖学金
prerequisite = models.TextField(verbose_name="课程先修要求", max_length=1024)
teachers = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher", verbose_name="课程讲师") # 用于GenericForeignKey反向查询, 不会生成表字段,切勿删除
# coupon = GenericRelation("Coupon") # 用于GenericForeignKey反向查询,不会生成表字段,切勿删除
degreecourse_price_policy = GenericRelation("PricePolicy") def __str__(self):
return self.name class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "03.学位课" class Teacher(models.Model):
"""讲师、导师表"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
role_choices = ((0, '讲师'), (1, '导师'))
role = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=role_choices, default=0)
title = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="职位、职称")
signature = models.CharField(max_length=255, help_text="导师签名", blank=True, null=True)
image = models.CharField(max_length=128)
brief = models.TextField(max_length=1024) def __str__(self):
return self.name class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "04.导师或讲师" class Scholarship(models.Model):
"""学位课程奖学金"""
degree_course = models.ForeignKey("DegreeCourse")
time_percent = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name="奖励档位(时间百分比)", help_text="只填百分值,如80,代表80%")
value = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name="奖学金数额") def __str__(self):
return "%s:%s" % (self.degree_course, self.value) class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "05.学位课奖学金" class Course(models.Model):
"""专题课/学位课模块表"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
course_img = models.CharField(max_length=255)
sub_category = models.ForeignKey("CourseSubCategory")
course_type_choices = ((0, '付费'), (1, 'VIP专享'), (2, '学位课程'))
course_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=course_type_choices) # 不为空;学位课的某个模块
# 为空;专题课
degree_course = models.ForeignKey("DegreeCourse", blank=True, null=True, help_text="若是学位课程,此处关联学位表") brief = models.TextField(verbose_name="课程概述", max_length=2048)
level_choices = ((0, '初级'), (1, '中级'), (2, '高级'))
level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=level_choices, default=1)
pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="发布日期", blank=True, null=True)
period = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name="建议学习周期(days)", default=7) #
order = models.IntegerField("课程顺序", help_text="从上一个课程数字往后排")
attachment_path = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="课件路径", blank=True, null=True)
status_choices = ((0, '上线'), (1, '下线'), (2, '预上线'))
status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0)
template_id = models.SmallIntegerField("前端模板id", default=1) # coupon = GenericRelation("Coupon") # 用于GenericForeignKey反向查询,不会生成表字段,切勿删除
price_policy = GenericRelation("PricePolicy") asked_question = GenericRelation("OftenAskedQuestion") def __str__(self):
return "%s(%s)" % (self.name, self.get_course_type_display()) def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.course_type == 2:
if not self.degree_course:
raise ValueError("学位课程必须关联对应的学位表")
super(Course, self).save(*args, **kwargs) class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "06.专题课或学位课模块" class CourseDetail(models.Model):
"""课程详情页内容"""
course = models.OneToOneField("Course")
hours = models.IntegerField("课时")
course_slogan = models.CharField(max_length=125, blank=True, null=True)
video_brief_link = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程介绍', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
why_study = models.TextField(verbose_name="为什么学习这门课程")
what_to_study_brief = models.TextField(verbose_name="我将学到哪些内容")
career_improvement = models.TextField(verbose_name="此项目如何有助于我的职业生涯")
prerequisite = models.TextField(verbose_name="课程先修要求", max_length=1024)
recommend_courses = models.ManyToManyField("Course", related_name="recommend_by", blank=True)
teachers = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher", verbose_name="课程讲师") def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.course class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "07.课程或学位模块详细" class OftenAskedQuestion(models.Model):
"""常见问题"""
content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) # 关联course or degree_course
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') question = models.CharField(max_length=255)
answer = models.TextField(max_length=1024) def __str__(self):
return "%s-%s" % (self.content_object, self.question) class Meta:
unique_together = ('content_type', 'object_id', 'question')
verbose_name_plural = "08. 常见问题" class CourseOutline(models.Model):
"""课程大纲"""
course_detail = models.ForeignKey("CourseDetail")
title = models.CharField(max_length=128)
# 前端显示顺序
order = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=1) content = models.TextField("内容", max_length=2048) def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.title class Meta:
unique_together = ('course_detail', 'title')
verbose_name_plural = "09. 课程大纲" class CourseChapter(models.Model):
"""课程章节"""
course = models.ForeignKey("Course")
chapter = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="第几章", default=1)
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
summary = models.TextField(verbose_name="章节介绍", blank=True, null=True)
pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="发布日期", auto_now_add=True) class Meta:
unique_together = ("course", 'chapter')
verbose_name_plural = "10. 课程章节" def __str__(self):
return "%s:(第%s章)%s" % (self.course, self.chapter, self.name) class CourseSection(models.Model):
"""课时目录"""
chapter = models.ForeignKey("CourseChapter")
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
order = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name="课时排序", help_text="建议每个课时之间空1至2个值,以备后续插入课时")
section_type_choices = ((0, '文档'), (1, '练习'), (2, '视频'))
section_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=2, choices=section_type_choices)
section_link = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, help_text="若是video,填vid,若是文档,填link")
video_time = models.CharField(verbose_name="视频时长", blank=True, null=True, max_length=32) # 仅在前端展示使用
pub_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="发布时间", auto_now_add=True)
free_trail = models.BooleanField("是否可试看", default=False) class Meta:
unique_together = ('chapter', 'section_link')
verbose_name_plural = "11. 课时" def __str__(self):
return "%s-%s" % (self.chapter, self.name) class Homework(models.Model):
chapter = models.ForeignKey("CourseChapter")
title = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="作业题目")
order = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField("作业顺序", help_text="同一课程的每个作业之前的order值间隔1-2个数")
homework_type_choices = ((0, '作业'), (1, '模块通关考核'))
homework_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=homework_type_choices, default=0)
requirement = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="作业需求")
threshold = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="踩分点")
recommend_period = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField("推荐完成周期(天)", default=7)
scholarship_value = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField("为该作业分配的奖学金(贝里)")
note = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
enabled = models.BooleanField(default=True, help_text="本作业如果后期不需要了,不想让学员看到,可以设置为False") class Meta:
unique_together = ("chapter", "title")
verbose_name_plural = "12. 章节作业" def __str__(self):
return "%s - %s" % (self.chapter, self.title) # class CourseReview(models.Model):
# """课程评价"""
# enrolled_course = models.OneToOneField("EnrolledCourse")
# about_teacher = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="讲师讲解是否清晰")
# about_video = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="内容实用")
# about_course = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="课程内容通俗易懂")
# review = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="评价")
# disagree_number = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="踩")
# agree_number = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="赞同数")
# tags = models.ManyToManyField("Tags", blank=True, verbose_name="标签")
# date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="评价日期")
# is_recommend = models.BooleanField("热评推荐", default=False)
# hide = models.BooleanField("不在前端页面显示此条评价", default=False)
#
# def __str__(self):
# return "%s-%s" % (self.enrolled_course.course, self.review)
#
# class Meta:
# verbose_name_plural = "13. 课程评价(购买课程后才能评价)"
#
#
# class DegreeCourseReview(models.Model):
# """学位课程评价
# 为了以后可以定制单独的评价内容,所以不与普通课程的评价混在一起,单独建表
# """
# enrolled_course = models.ForeignKey("EnrolledDegreeCourse")
# course = models.ForeignKey("Course", verbose_name="评价学位模块", blank=True, null=True,
# help_text="不填写即代表评价整个学位课程", limit_choices_to={'course_type': 2})
# about_teacher = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="讲师讲解是否清晰")
# about_video = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="视频质量")
# about_course = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="课程")
# review = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="评价")
# disagree_number = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="踩")
# agree_number = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="赞同数")
# tags = models.ManyToManyField("Tags", blank=True, verbose_name="标签")
# date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="评价日期")
# is_recommend = models.BooleanField("热评推荐", default=False)
# hide = models.BooleanField("不在前端页面显示此条评价", default=False)
#
# def __str__(self):
# return "%s-%s" % (self.enrolled_course, self.review)
#
# class Meta:
# verbose_name_plural = "14. 学位课评价(购买课程后才能评价)" class PricePolicy(models.Model):
"""价格与有课程效期表"""
content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) # 关联course or degree_course
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') # course = models.ForeignKey("Course")
valid_period_choices = ((1, '1天'), (3, '3天'),
(7, '1周'), (14, '2周'),
(30, '1个月'),
(60, '2个月'),
(90, '3个月'),
(180, '6个月'), (210, '12个月'),
(540, '18个月'), (720, '24个月'),
)
valid_period = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=valid_period_choices)
price = models.FloatField() class Meta:
unique_together = ("content_type", 'object_id', "valid_period")
verbose_name_plural = "15. 价格策略" def __str__(self):
return "%s(%s)%s" % (self.content_object, self.get_valid_period_display(), self.price)

下载数据库使用(务必下载,上面的压缩包数据库是空的!!!)

https://github.com/987334176/luffycity/blob/master/db.sqlite3

修改api应用下的api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'index/$', views.CheckView.as_view()),
]

a

查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及授课老师

修改api应用下的views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from django.views import View # Create your views here.
class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# a.查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及授课老师
degree_list = models.DegreeCourse.objects.all().values('name', 'teachers__name')
print(degree_list)
return HttpResponse('ok')

访问网页:http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/index/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [{'teachers__name': '李泳谊', 'name': 'Linux自动化运维 · 中级'}, {'teachers__name': 'Alex 金角大王', 'name': 'Python全栈开发 · 中级'}]>

第二种写法:

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# a.查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及授课老师
queryset = models.DegreeCourse.objects.all()
for row in queryset:
print(row.name,row.teachers.all()) return HttpResponse('ok')

查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [{'teachers__name': '李泳谊', 'name': 'Linux自动化运维 · 中级'}, {'teachers__name': 'Alex 金角大王', 'name': 'Python全栈开发 · 中级'}]>

b

查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及学位课的奖学金

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# b.查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及学位课的奖学金
c_obj=models.DegreeCourse.objects.all()
for i in c_obj:
# 利用degreecourse_price_policy字段进行反向查询
print(i.name,i.degreecourse_price_policy.all().values('price')) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

Python全栈开发 · 中级 <QuerySet [{'price': 10.0}]>
Linux自动化运维 · 中级 <QuerySet [{'price': 50.0}]>

第二种写法:

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# b.查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及学位课的奖学金
degree_list = models.DegreeCourse.objects.all()
for row in degree_list:
print(row.name)
scholarships = row.scholarship_set.all()
for item in scholarships:
print('------>',item.time_percent,item.value)

执行输出:

Python全栈开发 · 中级
------> 50 1000
Linux自动化运维 · 中级
------> 50 1000

c

展示所有的专题课

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# c. 展示所有的专题课
c_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(degree_course__isnull=True)
print(c_obj) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [<Course: Linux基础(付费)>]>

d

查看id=1的学位课对应的所有模块名称

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# d. 查看id=1的学位课对应的所有模块名称
obj = models.DegreeCourse.objects.filter(id=1).values('course__name')
print(obj) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [<Course: Linux基础(付费)>]>

e

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印:课程名、级别(中文)、why_study、what_to_study_brief、所有recommend_courses

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# e. 获取id = 1的专题课,并打印:课程名、级别(中文)、why_study、what_to_study_brief、所有recommend_courses
c_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=1)
print(c_obj.values('name'))
print(c_obj.first().get_level_display())
print(c_obj.values('coursedetail__why_study'))
print(c_obj.values('coursedetail__what_to_study_brief'))
print(c_obj.values('coursedetail__recommend_courses')) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [{'name': 'Python开发入门7天特训营'}]>
初级
<QuerySet [{'coursedetail__why_study': '适合零基础学编程的小白,语言简洁高效,为进入人工智能、数据分析和网站开发做好准备;如果你准备敲下你人生的第一行代码、写出你的第一个程序,路飞学城的入门特训营会是最好的选择'}]>
<QuerySet [{'coursedetail__what_to_study_brief': '1、Python如何才能掌握真正的要领;\r\n2、看完理论课程自己怎么开始动手写出代码;\r\n3、什么才是专业的代码;\r\n4、最流行Python编程工具使用技巧;\r\n5、如何系统且高效的学习Python,遇到问题该如何入手分析\r\n6、可以自主开发各种小程序(如分数打印、猜年龄、用户登录程序、三级菜单等)'}]>
<QuerySet [{'coursedetail__recommend_courses': 1}]>

第二种写法:

Python开发入门7天特训营
适合零基础学编程的小白,语言简洁高效,为进入人工智能、数据分析和网站开发做好准备;如果你准备敲下你人生的第一行代码、写出你的第一个程序,路飞学城的入门特训营会是最好的选择
初级
7
适合零基础学编程的小白,语言简洁高效,为进入人工智能、数据分析和网站开发做好准备;如果你准备敲下你人生的第一行代码、写出你的第一个程序,路飞学城的入门特训营会是最好的选择
<QuerySet [<Course: Python开发入门7天特训营(付费)>]>

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

Python开发入门7天特训营
适合零基础学编程的小白,语言简洁高效,为进入人工智能、数据分析和网站开发做好准备;如果你准备敲下你人生的第一行代码、写出你的第一个程序,路飞学城的入门特训营会是最好的选择
初级
7
适合零基础学编程的小白,语言简洁高效,为进入人工智能、数据分析和网站开发做好准备;如果你准备敲下你人生的第一行代码、写出你的第一个程序,路飞学城的入门特训营会是最好的选择
<QuerySet [<Course: Python开发入门7天特训营(付费)>]>

注意:显示choices的中文,使用get_字段名_display() 就可以了!

f

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有常见问题

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# f. 获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有常见问题
c_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# 利用asked_question字段进行反向查询
print(c_obj.asked_question.all().values('question')) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [{'question': '我是零基础,能学会吗?'}, {'question': '需要学习多长时间?'}]>

第二种写法:

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# f. 获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有常见问题
obj = models.Course.objects.get(id=1)
ask_list = obj.asked_question.all()
for item in ask_list:
print(item.question) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

我是零基础,能学会吗?
需要学习多长时间?

g

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的课程大纲

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# g.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的课程大纲
c_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=1)
print(c_obj.values('coursedetail__courseoutline__title')) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [{'coursedetail__courseoutline__title': 'Python基础知识'}, {'coursedetail__courseoutline__title': 'Python数据类型初识'}]>

第二种写法:

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# g.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的课程大纲
obj = models.Course.objects.get(id=1)
outline_list = obj.coursedetail.courseoutline_set.all()
for item in outline_list:
print(item.title,item.content) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

Python基础知识 Python基础知识、开营直播课
Python数据类型初识 Python数据类型初识、流程控制

h

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有章节

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# h.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有章节
c_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=1)
print(c_obj.values('coursechapter__name')) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

<QuerySet [{'coursechapter__name': 'Python基础知识'}, {'coursechapter__name': 'Python数据类型初识'}]>

第二种写法,使用反向查询

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# h.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有章节
obj = models.Course.objects.get(id=1)
chapter_list = obj.coursechapter_set.all() # 默认obj.表名_set.all()
for item in chapter_list:
print(item.name) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

Python基础知识
Python数据类型初识

i

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有课时

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# i.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有课时
c_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=1)
for i in c_obj.values('coursechapter__chapter','coursechapter__name'):
print(i.get('coursechapter__chapter'),i.get('coursechapter__name'))
a_obj=models.CourseChapter.objects.filter(name=i.get('coursechapter__name'))
for j in a_obj.values('coursesection__name'):
print(' ',j.get('coursesection__name')) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

1 Python基础知识
python基础
2 Python数据类型初识
数据类型

第二种写法:

class CheckView(View):
"""
练习题相关
"""
def get(self, request):
# i.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有课时
obj = models.Course.objects.get(id=1)
chapter_list = obj.coursechapter_set.all()
for chapter in chapter_list:
print(chapter.name,chapter.coursesection_set.all()) return HttpResponse('ok')

刷新网页,查看控制台输出:

Python数据类型初识 <QuerySet [<CourseSection: Python开发入门7天特训营(付费):(第2章)Python数据类型初识-数据类型>]>

所有视图都集中在views.py中,扩展不方便。

删除views.py,并创建目录views

在views目录里面创建course.py,它表示和课程相关的视图

注意:视图名最好加上View,这是约定俗成的

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('ok')

修改api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import course urlpatterns = [
url(r'course/$', course.CourseView.as_view()),
]

访问网页:http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

二、DRF版本

在Django rest-framework中提供了5中version设置方式

基于url的get传参方式

比如:/course?version=v1

settings.py,最后一行添加。这里面规定了版本为v1和v2,如果是其他版本,会报404错误!

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1', # 默认版本
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'], # 允许的版本
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' # URL中获取值的key
}

api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import course urlpatterns = [
url(r'course/$', course.CourseView.as_view(),name='test'),
]

course.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning
from rest_framework.response import Response class CourseView(APIView):
# 开启版本支持功能
versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url) return Response('GET请求,响应内容')

访问网页: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看Pycharm控制台输出:

v1
<rest_framework.versioning.QueryParameterVersioning object at 0x000001AAE5245F28>
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/?version=v1

基于url的正则方式(推荐)

比如:/v1/users/

settings.py,保持不变

api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import course urlpatterns = [
url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/course/$', course.CourseView.as_view(), name='test'),
]

course.py,修改versioning_class

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning
from rest_framework.response import Response class CourseView(APIView):
# 开启版本支持功能
versioning_class = URLPathVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url) return Response('GET请求,响应内容')

访问网页: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/course/

注意要带版本,否则报错

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看Pycharm控制台输出:

v1
<rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning object at 0x00000200F0F2E4A8>
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/course/

基于 accept 请求头方式

比如:Accept: application/json; version=1.0

老外喜欢用这种方法,因为比较安全

settings.py,保持不变

api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import course urlpatterns = [
url(r'^course/$', course.CourseView.as_view(), name='test'),
]

course.py,修改versioning_class

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.versioning import AcceptHeaderVersioning
from rest_framework.response import Response class CourseView(APIView):
# 开启版本支持功能
versioning_class = AcceptHeaderVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本 HTTP_ACCEPT头
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme)
# 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url) return Response('GET请求,响应内容')

使用postman发送get请求,增加一个头version

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看Pycharm控制台输出:

v1
<rest_framework.versioning.AcceptHeaderVersioning object at 0x000001AEA89206D8>
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/

基于主机名方式

比如:v1.example.com

settings.py,允许所有主机访问

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

api_urls.py,保持不变

course.py,修改versioning_class

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.versioning import HostNameVersioning
from rest_framework.response import Response class CourseView(APIView):
# 开启版本支持功能
versioning_class = HostNameVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url) return Response('GET请求,响应内容')

修改本机的hosts文件,增加2条记录

127.0.0.1    v1.example.com
127.0.0.1 v2.example.com

访问url:  http://v1.example.com:8000/api/course/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看Pycharm控制台输出:

v1
<rest_framework.versioning.HostNameVersioning object at 0x000001DE71A00470>
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/

访问url: http://v2.example.com:8000/api/course/

查看Pycharm控制台输出:

v2
<rest_framework.versioning.HostNameVersioning object at 0x000001B31D5C3E48>
http://v2.example.com:8000/api/course/

基于django路由系统的namespace

比如:example.com/v1/users/

settings.py,保持不变

api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import course urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/', ([url(r'course/', course.CourseView.as_view(), name='test'), ], None, 'v1')),
url(r'^v2/', ([url(r'course/', course.CourseView.as_view(), name='test'), ], None, 'v2')),
]

course.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.versioning import NamespaceVersioning
from rest_framework.response import Response class CourseView(APIView):
# 开启版本支持功能
versioning_class = NamespaceVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme) # 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url) return Response('GET请求,响应内容')

访问url:  http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/course/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看Pycharm控制台输出:

v1
<rest_framework.versioning.NamespaceVersioning object at 0x0000020BC5FAFDA0>
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/course/

全局使用方式

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'
}

api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import course urlpatterns = [
url(r'^course/', course.CourseView.as_view(), name='test'),
]

course.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
# from rest_framework.versioning import NamespaceVersioning
from rest_framework.response import Response class CourseView(APIView):
# 开启版本支持功能
# versioning_class = NamespaceVersioning def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme) # # 反向生成URL
# reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
# print(reverse_url) return Response('GET请求,响应内容')

访问url:   http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看Pycharm控制台输出:

v1
<rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning object at 0x000001FF069907F0>

默认版本为v1

源码分析,请参考链接:

http://www.cnblogs.com/derek1184405959/p/8724270.html

总结:在认证,权限,节流之前做了版本处理

API编写

先做专题课

第一版,json

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
import json class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
获取所有专题课信息
:param request:
:param args:
:param kwargs:
:return:
"""
# 方式一:
course_list = list(models.Course.objects.all().values('id','name'))
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(course_list,ensure_ascii=False))

访问页面: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

第二版,序列化组件

在api应用目录下创建serializers文件夹,在里面创建course.py

from rest_framework import serializers

class CourseSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField()
name = serializers.CharField()

修改views目录下的course.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api.serializers.course import CourseSerializer class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
获取所有专题课信息
:param request:
:param args:
:param kwargs:
:return:
"""
# 方式二:
course_list = models.Course.objects.all()
ser = CourseSerializer(instance=course_list,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)

刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

三、DRF分页

如果当数据量特别大的时候,需要使用分页
REST框架支持自定义分页风格,如果使用的是APIView,你就需要自己调用分页API,确保返回一个分页后的响应。

指定每页大小

修改views目录下course.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api.serializers.course import CourseSerializer
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 从数据库中获取数据
queryset = models.Course.objects.all() # 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
# paginate_queryset 接收3参数,分别是queryset对象,request,视图
# 这里的self就是CourseView视图
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset,request,self)
# 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = CourseSerializer(instance=course_list,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)

修改settings.py,指定每页大小。这里表示每页一条数据

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version',
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
'PAGE_SIZE':1
}

访问网页: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/

效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

获取下一页

怎么获取下一页呢?在url上面加一个参数page=页码数,比如:

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/course/?page=2

效果如下

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

为什么参数是page呢?而不是其他的呢?看下面的源码

class PageNumberPagination(BasePagination):
"""
A simple page number based style that supports page numbers as
query parameters. For example: http://api.example.org/accounts/?page=4
http://api.example.org/accounts/?page=4&page_size=100
"""
# The default page size.
# Defaults to `None`, meaning pagination is disabled.
page_size = api_settings.PAGE_SIZE django_paginator_class = DjangoPaginator # Client can control the page using this query parameter.
page_query_param = 'page'
page_query_description = _('A page number within the paginated result set.') # Client can control the page size using this query parameter.
# Default is 'None'. Set to eg 'page_size' to enable usage.
page_size_query_param = None
page_size_query_description = _('Number of results to return per page.') # Set to an integer to limit the maximum page size the client may request.
# Only relevant if 'page_size_query_param' has also been set.
max_page_size = None last_page_strings = ('last',) template = 'rest_framework/pagination/numbers.html' invalid_page_message = _('Invalid page.')

看这一行

page_query_param = 'page'

它指定了url参数为page

返回code

这里有一个问题,如果连接不上数据,就会报错
所以需要使用异常判断,定义一个字典,返回code

1000表示成功,500表示错误。备注:这个是自己定义的,看你的心情了!

修改views下的course.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api.serializers.course import CourseSerializer
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'code':1000,'data':None,'error':None}
try:
# 从数据库中获取数据
queryset = models.Course.objects.all() # 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
# paginate_queryset 接收3参数,分别是queryset对象,request,视图
# 这里的self就是CourseView视图
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset,request,self)
# 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = CourseSerializer(instance=course_list,many=True)
response['data'] = ser.data
except Exception as e:
response['code'] = 500
response['error'] = '获取数据失败' return Response(response)

访问页面,发现数据多了几个key

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

模拟出错

修改views下的course.py,将ORM语句故意改错

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api.serializers.course import CourseSerializer
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'code':1000,'data':None,'error':None}
try:
# 从数据库中获取数据
queryset = models.Course.objects.allxx() # 模拟错误 # 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
# paginate_queryset 接收3参数,分别是queryset对象,request,视图
# 这里的self就是CourseView视图
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset,request,self)
# 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = CourseSerializer(instance=course_list,many=True)
response['data'] = ser.data
except Exception as e:
response['code'] = 500
response['error'] = '获取数据失败' return Response(response)

刷新页面,提示失败

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

注意:每一个接口,一定要加try,防止程序崩溃

在公司里面写代码,必须这样。因为线上环境比较复杂,有各自攻击行为存在。所以,必须写异常判断。

而且,需要将异常信息写入日志。方便后续的排错,因为线上的代码,不能直接print,影响业务!

定义code类

这个视图定义了一个字典,用来做初始状态返回。那么其他视图,也需要返回code,再定义一遍?

如果有100个呢?所以,需要为这个功能,单独定义一个类。

这种是通用类,我们一般会放在应用(这里指的是api)下的utils(工具)文件夹中。

在api目录下创建utils文件夹,新建文件response.py

class BaseResponse(object):

    def __init__(self):
self.code = 1000
self.data = None
self.error = None @property # 负责把一个方法变成属性调用
def dict(self):
return self.__dict__

python中的类,都会从object里继承一个__dict__属性,这个属性中存放着类的属性和方法对应的键值对

修改views下的course.py,导入response

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api.serializers.course import CourseSerializer
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
from api.utils.response import BaseResponse class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# response = {'code':1000,'data':None,'error':None}
ret = BaseResponse()
try:
# 从数据库中获取数据
queryset = models.Course.objects.all() # 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
# paginate_queryset 接收3参数,分别是queryset对象,request,视图
# 这里的self就是CourseView视图
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset,request,self)
# 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = CourseSerializer(instance=course_list,many=True)
ret.data = ser.data
except Exception as e:
ret.code = 500
ret.error = '获取数据失败' return Response(ret.__dict__)

刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

第二版,到这里,就结束了。推荐使用第二种!

四、DRF序列化进阶

ModelSerializer

通常你会想要与Django模型相对应的序列化类。

ModelSerializer类能够让你自动创建一个具有模型中相应字段的Serializer类。

这个ModelSerializer类和常规的Serializer类一样,不同的是

  • 它根据模型自动生成一组字段。
  • 它自动生成序列化器的验证器,比如unique_together验证器。
  • 它默认简单实现了.create()方法和.update()方法。

查看serializers目录下course.py,这里我是手动指定了要序列化的字段,比如id和name

但是,还有更方便的方法。使用ModelSerializer,它会自动和ORM表关联。

修改serializers目录下course.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# id = serializers.IntegerField()
# name = serializers.CharField() class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name'] # 指定序列化的字段

默认情况下,所有的模型的字段都将映射到序列化器上相应的字段。

模型中任何关联字段比如外键都将映射到PrimaryKeyRelatedField字段。默认情况下不包括反向关联,除非像serializer relations文档中规定的那样显示包含。

刷新页面,效果同上!

Model.get_FOO_display

查看官方文档

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model.get_FOO_display

对于具有选择集的每个字段,该对象将具有一个get_FOO_display()方法,其中FOO是该字段的名称。 此方法返回字段的“可读”值。

查看models.py里面的Course类,看下面这2行

level_choices = ((0, '初级'), (1, '中级'), (2, '高级'))
level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=level_choices, default=1)

level_choices 它只是一个变量而已,上面2行,可以合并为一行

level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=((0, '初级'), (1, '中级'), (2, '高级')), default=1)

真正在数据库中,生成字段的是level。choices=xxx,表示它是一个选择集。真正在数据库存储的是1,后面的中文,主要是在前端展示的。这样做的目的,是为了节省磁盘空间。一般数据库用utf-8,一个中文占用3字节。而数字只占用1字节!

那么前端如何显示中文呢?使用get_level_display() ,注意:level是数据库的字段,值的类型必须是choices

修改serializers目录下course.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display') class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn'] # 指定序列化的字段

注意:level_cn只是一个变量名而已,约定俗成会定义为字段名。这里的get_level_display不需要加括号,它会自动执行!

刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

一对一

Course和CourseDetail是一对一关系

现在需要显示课时,但是课时在另外一个表(CourseDetail课程详情表)中,可以用双下方法吗?

fields = ['id','name','level_cn','coursedetail__hours'] 

刷新页面,会报错

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

针对一对一的跨表查询,可以使用表名小写.字段名

修改serializers目录下course.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
# 显示课时,对于一对一,使用表名.字段
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours') class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn','hours'] # 指定序列化的字段

重启django项目,刷新页面

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

在Pycharm控制台,会有一个警告信息

UnorderedObjectListWarning: Pagination may yield inconsistent results with an unordered object_list:

百度翻译一下:

unOrdEdObjistList警告:分页可能与无序的对象列表产生不一致的结果:

啥意思呢?大概意思就是分页时,没有给它指定排序规则

修改views下的course.py,增加一个order_by就可以了

order_by('pk'),表示以主键排序,默认是升序

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api.serializers.course import CourseSerializer
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
from api.utils.response import BaseResponse class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# response = {'code':1000,'data':None,'error':None}
ret = BaseResponse()
try:
# 从数据库中获取数据
queryset = models.Course.objects.all().order_by('pk') # 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
# paginate_queryset 接收3参数,分别是queryset对象,request,视图
# 这里的self就是CourseView视图
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset,request,self)
# 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = CourseSerializer(instance=course_list,many=True)
ret.data = ser.data
except Exception as e:
ret.code = 500
ret.error = '获取数据失败' return Response(ret.__dict__)

重启django项目,刷新页面。再次查看Pycharm控制台,就没有警告了!

多对多

CourseDetail表的recommend_courses字段和Course表,是多对多的关系

如果要显示recommend_courses(推荐课程)呢?可以使用表名小写.字段名吗?测试一下

修改serializers目录下course.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
# 显示课时,对于一对一,使用表名.字段
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours')
recommend_courses = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.recommend_courses') class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn','hours','recommend_courses'] # 指定序列化的字段

刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

发现recommend_courses字段,并不是我们想要的结果

再加一个.all

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
# 显示课时,对于一对一,使用表名.字段
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours')
recommend_courses = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.recommend_courses.all') class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn','hours','recommend_courses'] # 指定序列化的字段

刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

发现它是一个queryset对象,如何获取对象里面的属性呢?

get_{field_name}

它是用来获取别的表字段的。

查看serializers目录下course.py,点击CharField。搜索关键字get_{field_name},看源码

    def bind(self, field_name, parent):
# In order to enforce a consistent style, we error if a redundant
# 'method_name' argument has been used. For example:
# my_field = serializer.SerializerMethodField(method_name='get_my_field')
default_method_name = 'get_{field_name}'.format(field_name=field_name)
assert self.method_name != default_method_name, (
"It is redundant to specify `%s` on SerializerMethodField '%s' in "
"serializer '%s', because it is the same as the default method name. "
"Remove the `method_name` argument." %
(self.method_name, field_name, parent.__class__.__name__)
) # The method name should default to `get_{field_name}`.
if self.method_name is None:
self.method_name = default_method_name super(SerializerMethodField, self).bind(field_name, parent)

修改serializers目录下course.py,专门定义一个方法,用来获取recommend_courses

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
# 显示课时,对于一对一,使用表名.字段
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours')
# 显示推荐课程,对于多对多,使用def_字段名
# SerializerMethodField表示序列化字段,使用方法获取
recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn','hours','recommend_courses'] # 指定序列化的字段 def get_recommend_courses(self,row):
recommend_list = [] # 空列表
# row表示一行数据, .all()表示取所有关联的书籍
for item in row.coursedetail.recommend_courses.all():
recommend_list.append({'id':item.id,'name':item.name}) return recommend_list

重启2遍django项目,刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

上面代码中的,列表里面添加字典数据,可以改成列表生成

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
# 显示课时,对于一对一,使用表名.字段
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours')
# 显示推荐课程,对于多对多,使用def_字段名
# SerializerMethodField表示序列化字段,使用方法获取
recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn','hours','recommend_courses'] # 指定序列化的字段 def get_recommend_courses(self,row):
recommend_list = row.coursedetail.recommend_courses.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'name': item.name} for item in recommend_list]

重启django项目,刷新页面,效果同上!

看下图中的代码

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

这个名字,必须一一对应,否则报错

因为源码里面定义了,它是取get_字段名方法的。

SerializerMethodField 拆分成3个单词:Serializer    Method   Field。可以理解为序列化,方法,字段

一对多

Course表的degree_course字段和DegreeCourse表示一对多关系

要显示总奖学金

修改serializers目录下course.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
# 显示课时,对于一对一,使用表名.字段
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours')
# 显示推荐课程,对于多对多,使用def_字段名
# SerializerMethodField表示序列化字段,使用方法获取
recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# 显示总奖学金,使用表名.字段
total_scholarship = serializers.CharField(source='degree_course.total_scholarship') class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn','hours','recommend_courses','total_scholarship'] # 指定序列化的字段 def get_recommend_courses(self,row):
recommend_list = row.coursedetail.recommend_courses.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'name': item.name} for item in recommend_list]

刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

contenttypes反向查询

Course表的price_policy字段和PricePolicy表,是用contenttypes关联的

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 显示choices里面的中文
level_cn = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
# 显示课时,对于一对一,使用表名.字段
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours')
# 显示推荐课程,对于多对多,使用def_字段名
# SerializerMethodField表示序列化字段,使用方法获取
recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# 显示总奖学金,使用表名.字段
total_scholarship = serializers.CharField(source='degree_course.total_scholarship')
# 显示价格策略,contenttypes反向查询,使用def_字段名
price_strategy = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta: # 配置项
model = models.Course # Course表
fields = ['id','name','level_cn','hours','recommend_courses','total_scholarship','price_strategy'] # 指定序列化的字段 def get_recommend_courses(self,row):
recommend_list = row.coursedetail.recommend_courses.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'name': item.name} for item in recommend_list] def get_price_strategy(self,row):
# .all 表示查询关联的价格策略
price_list = row.price_policy.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'valid_period': item.valid_period,'price': item.price} for item in price_list]

重启django项目,刷新页面,效果如下:

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

总结:

序列化类

一对一,使用 表名小写.字段名

一对多,使用 表名小写.字段名

多对多,使用def_字段名。注意字段必须先声明为serializers.SerializerMethodField()。字段名和def_字段名必须一一对应!

contenttypes反向查询,使用def_字段名。利用contenttypes字段,也是要声明serializers.SerializerMethodField()...

作业

接口

# a.查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及授课老师

# b.查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及学位课的奖学金

# c.展示所有的专题课

# d. 查看id=1的学位课对应的所有模块名称

# e.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印:课程名、级别(中文)、why_study、what_to_study_brief、所有recommend_courses

# f.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有常见问题

# g.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的课程大纲

# h.获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有章节

将上面几个查询改成接口方式,返回json格式。

注意:每一个查询,都是一个独立的接口

vue.js

通过axios向API发送ajax请求,并显示结果(展示所有的专题课)。

注意:会出现跨域问题。请自行百度!提示:搜索关键字cors

参考答案

接口

修改api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from api.views import course,degreecourse urlpatterns = [
url(r'courses/$',course.CoursesView.as_view()),
url(r'courses/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',course.CourseDetailView.as_view()),
url(r'courses/thematic/$',course.CourseThematicView.as_view()),
url(r'courses/module/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',course.CourseModuleView.as_view()),
url(r'courses/faq/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',course.CourseFAQView.as_view()),
url(r'courses/outline/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',course.CourseOutlineView.as_view()),
url(r'courses/chapter/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',course.CourseChapterView.as_view()), url(r'degreecourse/$',degreecourse.DegreeCourseView.as_view()),
url(r'degreecourse/teachers/$',degreecourse.DegreeCourseTeachersView.as_view()),
url(r'degreecourse/scholarship/$',degreecourse.DegreeCourseScholarshipView.as_view()),
]

修改serializers目录下的course.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class CourseModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 所有课程
level_name = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
hours = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.hours')
course_slogan = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.course_slogan')
recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta:
model = models.Course
fields = ['id','name','level_name','hours','course_slogan','recommend_courses'] def get_recommend_courses(self,row):
recommend_list = row.coursedetail.recommend_courses.all()
return [ {'id':item.id,'name':item.name} for item in recommend_list] class CourseThematicModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 所有的专题课
level_name = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
course_type = serializers.CharField(source='get_course_type_display')
status = serializers.CharField(source='get_status_display')
degree_course = serializers.CharField(source='degree_course.total_scholarship') class Meta:
model = models.Course
fields = '__all__' class CourseModuleModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 所有的专题课
degree_course = serializers.CharField(source='degree_course.name')
class Meta:
model = models.Course
fields = ['id','degree_course'] class CourseDetailModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 具体id的学位课对应的所有模块名称
level_name = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
why_study = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.why_study')
what_to_study_brief = serializers.CharField(source='coursedetail.what_to_study_brief') recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
price_strategy = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta:
model = models.Course
fields = ['id','name','level_name','why_study','what_to_study_brief','recommend_courses','price_strategy'] def get_recommend_courses(self,row):
recommend_list = row.coursedetail.recommend_courses.all()
return [ {'id':item.id,'name':item.name} for item in recommend_list] def get_price_strategy(self,row):
price_list = row.price_policy.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'valid_period': item.valid_period,'price': item.price} for item in price_list] class CourseFAQModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 具体id专题课程相关的所有常见问题
asked_question = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta:
model = models.Course
fields = ['id','name', 'asked_question'] def get_asked_question(self, row):
faq_list = row.asked_question.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'question': item.question, 'answer': item.answer} for item in faq_list] class CourseOutlineModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 具体id课程相关的课程大纲
asked_question = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta:
model = models.Course
fields = ['id', 'name', 'asked_question'] def get_asked_question(self, row):
outline_list = row.coursedetail.courseoutline_set.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'title': item.title, 'content': item.content} for item in outline_list] class CourseChapterModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 具体id课程相关的所有章节
chapter = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta:
model = models.Course
fields = ['id', 'name', 'chapter'] def get_chapter(self, row):
chapter_list = row.coursechapter_set.all()
return [{'id': item.id, 'name': item.name} for item in chapter_list]

修改serializers目录下的degreecourse.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models class DegreeCourseModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 学位课所有信息
class Meta:
model = models.DegreeCourse
fields = '__all__' class DegreeCourseTeachersModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 学位课的老师
teachers = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta:
model = models.DegreeCourse
fields = ['name','teachers'] def get_teachers(self,row):
teachers_list = row.teachers.all()
return [ {'id':item.id,'name':item.name} for item in teachers_list] class DegreeCourseScholarshipModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 学位课的奖学金
degreecourse_price_policy = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = models.DegreeCourse
fields = ['name','degreecourse_price_policy'] def get_degreecourse_price_policy(self,row):
scholarships = row.scholarship_set.all()
return [ {'id':item.id,'time_percent':item.time_percent,'value':item.value} for item in scholarships]

在api目录下utils文件夹,创建文件serialization_general.py

from api.utils.response import BaseResponse
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination class SerializedData(object): # 序列化通用格式数据
def __init__(self,request,queryset,serializer_class):
self.request = request
self.queryset = queryset
self.serializer_class = serializer_class def get_data(self):
ret = BaseResponse()
try:
# 从数据库获取数据
queryset = self.queryset.order_by('id') # 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset, self.request, self) # 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = self.serializer_class(instance=course_list, many=True) ret.data = ser.data
except Exception as e:
print(e)
ret.code = 500
ret.error = '获取数据失败' return ret.dict

修改views目录下的course.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination from api import models
from api.serializers.course import CourseModelSerializer, CourseThematicModelSerializer, CourseModuleModelSerializer, \
CourseDetailModelSerializer,CourseFAQModelSerializer,CourseOutlineModelSerializer,CourseChapterModelSerializer
from api.utils.response import BaseResponse
from api.utils.serialization_general import SerializedData class CoursesView(APIView): # 所有课程,分页展示,每页1个 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# response = {'code':1000,'data':None,'error':None}
queryset = models.Course.objects.all()
serializer_class = CourseModelSerializer
data = SerializedData(request,queryset,serializer_class).get_data()
return Response(data) class CourseDetailView(APIView): # 课程详情
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(id=pk)
serializer_class = CourseDetailModelSerializer
data = SerializedData(request, queryset, serializer_class).get_data()
return Response(data) class CourseThematicView(APIView): # 所有的专题课
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = models.Course.objects.all()
serializer_class = CourseThematicModelSerializer
data = SerializedData(request, queryset, serializer_class).get_data()
return Response(data) class CourseModuleView(APIView): # 具体id的学位课对应的所有模块名称
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(degree_course_id=pk)
serializer_class = CourseModuleModelSerializer
data = SerializedData(request, queryset, serializer_class).get_data()
return Response(data) class CourseFAQView(APIView): # 具体id的课程相关的所有常见问题
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(id=pk)
serializer_class = CourseFAQModelSerializer
data = SerializedData(request, queryset, serializer_class).get_data()
return Response(data) class CourseOutlineView(APIView): # 具体id课程相关的课程大纲
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(id=pk)
serializer_class = CourseOutlineModelSerializer
data = SerializedData(request, queryset, serializer_class).get_data()
return Response(data) class CourseChapterView(APIView): # 具体id课程相关的所有章节
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(id=pk)
serializer_class = CourseChapterModelSerializer
data = SerializedData(request, queryset, serializer_class).get_data()
return Response(data)

在views目录下创建文件degreecourse.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination from api import models
from api.serializers.degreecourse import DegreeCourseModelSerializer,DegreeCourseTeachersModelSerializer
from api.serializers.degreecourse import DegreeCourseScholarshipModelSerializer
from api.utils.response import BaseResponse class DegreeCourseView(APIView): # 所有学位课 def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# response = {'code':1000,'data':None,'error':None}
ret = BaseResponse()
try:
# 从数据库获取数据
queryset = models.DegreeCourse.objects.all() # 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset,request,self) # 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = DegreeCourseModelSerializer(instance=course_list,many=True) ret.data = ser.data
except Exception as e:
ret.code = 500
ret.error = '获取数据失败' return Response(ret.dict) class DegreeCourseTeachersView(APIView): # 学位课对应的老师
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ret = BaseResponse()
try:
# 从数据库获取数据
# 防止出现UnorderedObjectListWarning: Pagination may yield...
queryset = models.DegreeCourse.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')
print(queryset)
# 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset, request, self) # 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = DegreeCourseTeachersModelSerializer(instance=course_list, many=True)
print(ser.data) ret.data = ser.data
except Exception as e: print(e) ret.code = 500
ret.error = '获取数据失败' return Response(ret.dict) class DegreeCourseScholarshipView(APIView): # 学位课对应的老师
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ret = BaseResponse()
try:
# 从数据库获取数据
# 防止出现UnorderedObjectListWarning: Pagination may yield...
queryset = models.DegreeCourse.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')
print(queryset)
# 分页
page = PageNumberPagination()
course_list = page.paginate_queryset(queryset, request, self) # 分页之后的结果执行序列化
ser = DegreeCourseScholarshipModelSerializer(instance=course_list, many=True)
print(ser.data) ret.data = ser.data
except Exception as e: print(e) ret.code = 500
ret.error = '获取数据失败' return Response(ret.dict)

访问以下url:

查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及授课老师

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/degreecourse/teachers/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看所有学位课并打印学位课名称以及学位课的奖学金

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/degreecourse/scholarship/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

展示所有的专题课

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/courses/thematic/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

查看id=1的学位课对应的所有模块名称

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/courses/module/1/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印:课程名、级别(中文)、why_study、what_to_study_brief、所有recommend_courses

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/courses/1/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有常见问题

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/courses/faq/1/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

coursedetail获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的课程大纲

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/courses/outline/1/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

获取id = 1的专题课,并打印该课程相关的所有章节

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/courses/chapter/1/

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

vue.js

在cmd中进入一个空目录,输入下面的命令,创建一个项目mysite

vue init webpack mysite

执行之后有很多选项,详情请参考:

https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao987334176/p/9372479.html#autoid-5-1-0

执行2个命令,启动vue项目

cd mysite
npm run dev

访问vue的网页:http://localhost:8080

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

进入vue项目,里面有一个index.html,它是最大的母版。

里面定义了一个div,id为app

进入src目录,修改App.vue。删除图片和css样式

<template>
<div id="app"> <router-view/>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'App'
}
</script> <style> </style>

进入src-->components,修改HelloWorld.vue,删除多余的a标签

<template>
<div class="hello">
<h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
data () {
return {
msg: '欢迎使用路飞学城'
}
}
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped>
h1, h2 {
font-weight: normal;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 10px;
}
a {
color: #42b983;
}
</style>

关闭vue项目,安装axios

npm install axios --save

重新启动vue项目

npm run dev

修改main.js,导入axios,并定义一个全局变量$axios

// The Vue build version to load with the `import` command
// (runtime-only or standalone) has been set in webpack.base.conf with an alias.
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import axios from 'axios' //导入axios Vue.prototype.$axios = axios //声明全局变量
Vue.config.productionTip = false /* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
el: '#app',
router,
components: { App },
template: '<App/>'
})

进入src-->components,修改HelloWorld.vue。让页面加载完成后,使用axios发送请求

<template>
<div class="hello">
<h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
data () {
return {
msg: '欢迎使用路飞学城'
}
},
mounted(){ //页面加载完成后
this.initCourse(); //执行此方法
},
methods:{
initCourse:function () {
//向后台发送ajax请求
this.$axios.request({
url:'http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/courses/',
method:'GET',
responseType:'json',
}).then(function (arg) {
//成功之后
console.log(arg);
}).catch(function (err) {
//发生错误
console.log(err);
})
}
},
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped>
h1, h2 {
font-weight: normal;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 10px;
}
a {
color: #42b983;
}
</style>

刷新网页,查看Console,提示不允许访问

python 全栈开发,Day99(作业讲解,DRF版本,DRF分页,DRF序列化进阶)

只要看到了Access-Control-Allow-Origin,就表示出现跨域

关于跨域问题,如何解决。请访问下一篇文章:

https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao987334176/articles/9457580.html