这篇文章不具体讲一些细的概念东西，如要了解cygwin和hadoop可以去参考其他的文章，该文阐述从下载cygwin到搭建hadoop环境，里面的图片部门来自网上资料，，因为本人当时部署时没有保存自己运行图片，但是步骤是一样的。
对于hadoop是个庞大的生态系统，里面光一些技术要点多达几十种，但所谓千里之行，始于足下，对于我这样的技术小白来说，如果想弄一个完全分布式的hadoop环境无异天方夜谭，首先我不懂linux，再说也没那么多机器搭建完全分布式环境。但是cygwin的出现可以让我不用在我本机装linux环境，cygwin就是一款在windows环境下模拟linux。接下来开始进入cygwin的下载，这个可以在官网下载
一：安装Cygwin
点击exe文件
点击下一步
这里的区别是直接是在线下载然后安装，其他的是下载到本地但不安装，推荐默认的就是第一个，点击下一步
这个默认是放在C盘，也可以放其他地方，点击下一步
这个是下载内容，另外指定一个盘放，点击下一步
默认选择第一个，点击下一步
这里选择下载的服务器地址，用默认的也可以但是非常慢，有可能半天一天具体视网络情况，推荐一个这是我用的最快的，里面没有的话点击Add按钮添加进去，然后选择它，点击下一步
这里选择具体的组件具体点击前面的skip就会出现目前的版本，代表你已经选中，我下了有：
Devel里面的binutils、gcc-core、gcc-g++、gcc-mingw-core、gcc-ming-g++、gdb
Net的openssh和openssl组件，用于hadoop需要的ssh访问，操作方法同上
Base的sed，用于eclipse连接hadoop开发
还可以下载一些vim等，这个根据自己的需要，还有就算这次没有选中，安装以后还是可以增加组件包的，最好选择第一次下载的网址，选择别的我没试过不知道有没有问题，完成这些后点击下一步就开始下载了，我用那个163的地址下载时间不超过10分钟。
安装完成以后桌面生成一个快捷方式，点击图标
执行cygwin的ssh-host-config
然后按照提示一步一步来*** Info: Generating missing SSH host keys ssh-keygen: generating new host keys: RSA1 RSA DSA ECDSA ED25519 *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file *** Info: StrictModes is set to ‘yes‘ by default. *** Info: This is the recommended setting, but it requires that the POSIX *** Info: permissions of the user‘s home directory, the user‘s .ssh *** Info: directory, and the user‘s ssh key files are tight so that *** Info: only the user has write permissions. *** Info: On the other hand, StrictModes don‘t work well with default *** Info: Windows permissions of a home directory mounted with the *** Info: ‘noacl‘ option, and they don‘t work at all if the home *** Info: directory is on a FAT or FAT32 partition. *** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) no *** Info: Privilege separation is set to ‘sandbox‘ by default since *** Info: OpenSSH 6.1. This is unsupported by Cygwin and has to be set *** Info: to ‘yes‘ or ‘no‘. *** Info: However, using privilege separation requires a non-privileged account *** Info: called ‘sshd‘. *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep. *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) no *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service? *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] *** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the *** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability *** Info: sshd requires. You need to have or to create a privileged *** Info: account. This script will help you do so. *** Info: You appear to be running Windows XP 64bit, Windows 2003 Server, *** Info: or later. On these systems, it‘s not possible to use the LocalSystem *** Info: account for services that can change the user id without an *** Info: explicit password (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key *** Info: authentication] via sshd). *** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it‘s required to create *** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless a similar account *** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special *** Info: servers. *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account *** Info: have Administrator privileges itself. *** Info: No privileged account could be found. *** Info: This script plans to use ‘cyg_server‘. *** Info: ‘cyg_server‘ will only be used by registered services. *** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) no *** Query: Create new privileged user account ‘cyg_server‘? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Please enter a password for new user cyg_server. Please be sure *** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system. *** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration. *** Query: Please enter the password: *** Query: Reenter: *** Info: User ‘cyg_server‘ has been created with password ‘cyg_server‘. *** Info: If you change the password, please remember also to change the *** Info: password for the installed services which use (or will soon use) *** Info: the ‘cyg_server‘ account. *** Info: Also keep in mind that the user ‘cyg_server‘ needs read permissions *** Info: on all users‘ relevant files for the services running as ‘cyg_server‘. *** Info: In particular, for the sshd server all users‘ .ssh/authorized_keys *** Info: files must have appropriate permissions to allow public key *** Info: authentication. (Re-)running ssh-user-config for each user will set *** Info: these permissions correctly. [Similar restrictions apply, for *** Info: instance, for .rhosts files if the rshd server is running, etc]. *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the ‘cyg_server‘ *** Info: account. To start the service now, call `net start sshd‘ or *** Info: `cygrunsrv -S sshd‘. Otherwise, it will start automatically *** Info: after the next reboot. *** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun!
上面会提示创建一个用户cyg_server,并提示你输入该用户的密码，我们这里输入和用户名一样的密码cyg_server，后面会用到。
请注意cyg_server用户的创建是强制的，没有这个用户即使sshd装好也不行的，后面使用的时候会出现Connection closed的错误，本人就在这里栽了跟头，浪费了好多时间。
好了到服务里看一下，会多出来一个CYGWIN sshd，可以把它设置成手动启动，然后我们启动它