Nginx反向代理负载均衡配置

1.反向代理概述

反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个反向代理服务器。

环境准备:

主机名	IP地址	角色	系统
web-node1.com	eth0:192.168.90.201	web-node1节点	CentOS7.2
web-node2.com	eth0:192.168.90.202	web-node2节点	CentOS7.2
lb-node1.com	eth0:192.168.90.203	Nginx反向代理	CentOS7.2

2.Node节点部署

在两台web-node节点中均使用Yum安装一个Apache用于做真实机，监听8080端口

web-node1.com部署

[root@web-node1 ~]# rpm -ivh \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@web-node1 ~]# yum install -y gcc glibc gcc-c++ make screen tree lrzsz
##部署web-node1 httpd服务
[root@web-node1 ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root@web-node1 ~]# sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@web-node1 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@web-node1 ~]# echo "web-node1.com" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@web-node1 ~]# curl  http://192.168.90.201:8080/
web-node1.com

web-node2.com部署

[root@web-node1 ~]# rpm -ivh \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@web-node1 ~]# yum install -y gcc glibc gcc-c++ make screen tree lrzsz
##部署web-node2 httpd服务
[root@web-node2 ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root@web-node2 ~]# sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@web-node2 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@web-node2 ~]# echo "web-node2.com" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@web-node2 ~]# curl  http://192.168.90.202:8080/
web-node2.com

3.反向代理部署

Nginx 源码编译安装，使其支持4层，并监听80端口

[root@lb-node1 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
[root@lb-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@lb-node1 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz
[root@lb-node1 src]# tar xf nginx-1.15..tar.gz
[root@lb-node1 src]# cd nginx-1.15.
[root@lb-node1 nginx-1.10.]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.15. \
--user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-file-aio --with-stream
[root@lb-node1 nginx-1.10.]# make && make install
[root@web-node1 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.15./ /usr/local/nginx
## 测试配置并启动Nginx
[root@lb-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.15./conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.15./conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

3.1配置Nginx7层反向代理

1.配置Nginx反向代理

##http段配置
    upstream web-cluster {
        # ip_hash; #会话保持,如果有登录认证的网站需要开启
        server 192.168.90.201: weight= max_fails= fail_timeout=;
        server 192.168.90.202: weight= max_fails= fail_timeout=;
    }
    server {
        listen ;
        server_name 192.168.90.203;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://web-cluster;
        include proxy.conf;
        }
    }

测试代理

[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node1.com
[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node2.com
[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node1.com
[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node2.com

2.通过分组方式，以及User-agent实现不同代理

#http段配置
         upstream static-cluster {
                server 192.168.90.201: weight= max_fails= fail_timeout=;
        }
         upstream dynamic-cluster {
                server 192.168.90.202: weight= max_fails= fail_timeout=;
        }
         upstream default-cluster {
                server 192.168.90.202: weight= max_fails= fail_timeout=;
        }
#需要配置本地host解析测试
        server {
                listen ;
                server_name nginx.domain.com;
        location / {
        if ($http_user_agent ~* "Firefox"){
                    proxy_pass http://static-cluster;
                    }
        if ($http_user_agent ~* "Chrome") {
            proxy_pass http://dynamic-cluster;
            }
        proxy_pass http://default-cluster;
            }
    }

测试分组

##默认浏览器交给default处理
[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://nginx.domain.com
web-node2.com

火狐浏览器交给static-cluster处理

谷歌浏览器交给dynamic-cluster处理

3.2配置Nginx4层反向代理

配置ssh以及msql反向代理

stream {
        upstream ssh_proxy {
        hash $remote_addr consistent;
        server 192.168.90.201:;
    }
        upstream mysql_proxy {
        hash $remote_addr consistent;
        server 192.168.90.202:;
        }
    server {
    listen ;
    proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
        proxy_timeout 300s;
        proxy_pass ssh_proxy;
    }
        server {
        listen ;
        proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
        proxy_timeout 300s;
        proxy_pass mysql_proxy;
        }
  }

2222端口代理至于node1的SSH、3333端口代理至于node2的MYSQL

## 测试连接ssh
[root@lb-node1 ~]# ssh -p2222 root@192.168.90.203
root@192.168.90.203's password:
Last login: Wed Oct  ::  from 192.168.80.143
[root@web-node1 ~]#
## 测试连接mysql
[root@lb-node1 ~]# mysql -h192.168.90. -uroot -p1 -P3333
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 5.5.-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>